Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Zhuang Ethnic Pregnant Women: A Cohort Study in Guangxi, China

Abstract

SummaryRisk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes among Zhuang ethnic pregnant women are unclear. This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors related to preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia in Zhuang population. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 9965 Zhuang pregnancy women in Guangxi, China. Information on mothers and newborns was obtained by using questionnaires and referring to medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between related factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results showed that the incidence of PB, LBW and macrosomia in Zhuang people was 5.55%, 5.64% and 2.19%, respectively. Maternal age ≥36 years (OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.51–3.27) was related to a higher incidence of PB. Those with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.45–2.51), and had a female fetus (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.36–2.23) were more likely to have LBW infants. Maternal age between 31 and 35 years (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.03–2.99) and pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.15–2.80) were associated with a higher risk of macrosomia. The protective factors of macrosomia were maternal pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.15–0.60) and female fetus (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.28–0.59). Our study provided a reference for maternal and childcare administration among Zhuang population.

Spatial–temporal distribution of preterm birth in China, 1990–2020: A systematic review and modelling analysis

“…There were eight definitions of preterm birth rates in the included data, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] with differences in either the numerator or the denominator when calculating the rate. We regarded the most widely used definition in the included studies as the standard definition, with the numerator being the number of mothers who delivered preterm and the denominator being the total number of mothers who delivered.…”

Predictor of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Scoping Review

“…Stillbirth Household combustion of solid fuels [11] pregnant women infected by influenza A virus [23] maternal age more than 36 years old [9] pregnant woman infected by syphilis [24] lower levels of occupation [15] sample size of the studies were varied. The largest sample size was 44,723,207 births in Lean et.al's study (2017) [10], while the smallest sample size was 344 pregnant women in Yeshialem et.al's study (2017) [11].…”

“…The APO was also measured on mother's side, such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension [20,26]. The measurement of low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g) in those studies were carried out within 24 h immediately after baby birth using a calibrated digital scale [14,19,23] using medical records and maternal memories [16,21,27]. Small for gestational age (SGA) was decided with the measurement of birth weight, head circumference and length below the 10th percentile sex-specific for gestational age according to the standard (Dombrowski et al, 2021; Op de Coul et al, 2021).…”

“…Furthermore, the measurement of preterm birth was carried out by measuring the crown length using trans-abdominal ultrasonography in the first trimester, symphysisfundal height by bimanual palpation at the first antenatal visit, woman's last menstrual period and the earliest ultrasound examination. It was decided as preterm birth if the gestational age is less than 37 weeks according to Ballard Score [14,16,19,23]. Stillbirth was measured by knowing the gestational age at the time of delivery is more than 24 weeks.…”

“…The high prevalence of APO is caused by LBW, followed by preterm birth and stillbirth. Previous study mentioned that the most common APO was LBW and preterm birth [23]. In developing countries such as Indonesia, they found that there were 72.0% of neonatal deaths with the most common causes are LBW (35.2%), asphyxia (27.4%) and other causes of death (22.5%), congenital abnormalities (11.4%) and infections (3.4%) during 2020 [2].…”