Risk factors for acute severe pneumonia in under five children

Gupta, Neerupam; Bhadrala, Naine

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191493

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In our study, there was a statistically significant association between partial immunization and severity of pneumonia (66%). Similar results were obtained by studies conducted by Gupta N and Bhadrala N 17 and Rao GM et al, 18 where 61.7% and 40% of children were partially immunized or unimmunized respectively. When compared to children who were unimmunized or just partially immunised with children who were completely immunised for their age were less likely to get the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical and socio-demographic profile of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years

Sanikam,

Kenganal,

Basavaraj

et al. 2024

PJMS

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Among the common childhood illnesses, pneumonia is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children throughout the world. Approximately, 150 million episodes of childhood pneumonia are reported every year, out of which 95% are from developing countries. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors like overcrowding, air pollution, passive smoking, practice of bottle feeding etc., contribute to the significant rise in incidence of pneumonia during recent years. The known factors affecting mortality are malnutrition, inadequate vaccination, illiteracy and lack of exclusive breast feeding.Pneumonia is one of the most prevalent Pediatric infections, and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children all over the world. Every year, approximately 150 million cases of childhood pneumonia are reported, with 95 percent of cases coming from underdeveloped nations. Furthermore, socioeconomic and environmental variables like as overcrowding, air pollution, passive smoking, and the practice of bottle feeding, among others, have contributed to the large increase in pneumonia incidence in recent years. Malnutrition, inadequate immunization, illiteracy, and a lack of exclusive breast feeding are all documented variables that contribute to mortality.A total of 120 children in the age group of 2 months to 5 years, diagnosed with Pneumonia as per standard definition were enrolled in the study. Detailed history was taken including socio demographic factors and physical examination was done in all children. Appropriate investigations were done. : Children aged between 2 and 12 months constituted 60% of cases. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. 27.5% children had low birth weight, 63.3% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months of age. Severe and very severe pneumonia was seen in 90% of children between age group 2 months and 2 years, 63.6% with low birth weight, and 66.6% with partial immunization status. Significant association was found between early weaning and severity of pneumonia (45.45% vs 26.3%).Children less than 2 years are more prone for developing pneumonia. Low birth weight, partial immunization status of the children, early weaning, history of bottle feeding, lower socioeconomic status, overcrowding, malnutrition and lack of maternal literacy were shown to have an increased risk for severe and very severe pneumonia in children. As most of the above stated factors are modifiable, the implementation of various preventive and educational programs in our society has a likelihood to reduce the occurrence and severity of pneumonia in children

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical and socio-demographic profile of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years

Sanikam,

Kenganal,

Basavaraj

et al. 2024

PJMS

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“…Selaras dengan temuan Gupta dkk, 27 yang melaporkan hubungan antara kepadatan rumah dengan pneumonia berat. Tinggal di rumah yang padat mendorong penularan patogen airborne dan Maria Stefani dkk: Hubungan asap rokok terhadap derajat keparahan pneumonia anak usia di bawah 5 tahun meningkatkan jumlah inokulum yang menginfeksi.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Hubungan Asap Rokok terhadap Derajat Keparahan Pneumonia Anak Usia di Bawah 5 Tahun

Stefani

Setiawan

2021

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Latar belakang. Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun di dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi pneumonia pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun mencapai 18,5 per mil. Paparan asap rokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko pneumonia. Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan paparan asap rokok terhadap pneumonia berat pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol di Rumah Sakit Atma Jaya. Kelompok kasus didefinisikan sebagai anak usia di bawah 5 tahun dengan pneumonia berat, sedangkan kontrol merupakan anak dengan pneumonia sesuai klasifikasi WHO. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap orangtua responden untuk mendapatkan data paparan asap rokok. Analisis data menggunakan metode chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,05.Hasil. Penelitian ini melibatkan 67 responden, terdiri dari 34 kasus dan 33 kontrol. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara paparan asap rokok dengan pneumonia berat. Keberadaan perokok (p=0,000), jumlah perokok di rumah (p=0,000), perilaku orangtua merokok di dalam rumah (p=0,001) dan kepadatan rumah (p=0,012) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian pneumonia berat pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.Kesimpulan. Paparan asap rokok dan kepadatan rumah merupakan faktor risiko pneumonia berat untuk anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.

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“…Mild pneumonia is characterized by coughing or difficulty breathing associated with rapid breathing or chest indrawing in children aged 2-59 months. 5,16 Severe pneumonia is a symptom of pneumonia accompanied by difficulty drinking, repeated vomiting, seizures, lethargy, stridor, or severe malnutrition. 5 Studies show that clinical definition of severity correlates with case fatality rates.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Hospitalization and Risk Factors of Readmission of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence in Hospitalized Toddlers

Lisa,

Arini

2024

J Respirol Indones

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Background: The Indonesia Health Profile Report 2020 stated that pneumonia is one of the causes of high infant and toddler mortality in Indonesia. Length of stay and readmission are crucial indicators of service quality for hospitalized pneumonia patients. This study aims to determine the duration of hospitalization and identify risk factors for readmission among toddlers hospitalized with CAP.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with subjects of pneumonia toddlers hospitalized in Sarila Husada Hospital Sragen from November 2021 to Januari 2023Results: A total of 357 toddlers were hospitalized with CAP (median age = 17 months; IQR 7–24); the majority were under 36 months old (309 subjects; 86%); male (54%) predominated than female (46%). Median duration of hospitalization for CAP=2 days with IQR=3.0-5.0. Readmission events were only 5, higher among toddlers aged 2-36 months but not statistically significant. Factors associated with readmission in CAP toddlers were the history of previous hospitalizations during the past year due to infection (P=0.012; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=13.6; confidence interval [CI]=1.49–12.34).Conclusion: The readmission rate was very low in our study. Toddlers 2–36 months of age and those with previous hospitalizations with infections are at higher risk of readmission in CAP.

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Risk factors for acute severe pneumonia in under five children

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Clinical and socio-demographic profile of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years

Clinical and socio-demographic profile of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years

Hubungan Asap Rokok terhadap Derajat Keparahan Pneumonia Anak Usia di Bawah 5 Tahun

Duration of Hospitalization and Risk Factors of Readmission of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Incidence in Hospitalized Toddlers

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