Risk factors for acute renal failure: inherent and modifiable risks

Abstract

There are identified risk factors of acute renal failure. Because acute renal failure is associated with a worsening outcome, particularly if occurring in critical illness and if severe enough to require renal replacement therapy, preventive measures should be part of appropriate management.

Nonrecovery of Kidney Function and Death after Acute on Chronic Renal Failure

“…This association is most robust among people with eGFR Ͻ45 ml/ min per 1.73 m 2 (3). Although CKD is a widely known risk factor for acute renal failure (ARF; also known as acute kidney injury [AKI]) (4,5), surprisingly little is known about clinical outcomes, especially long-term outcomes, among patients who have CKD and experience superimposed ARF (acute on chronic renal failure). Most published studies about ARF have focused exclusively on in-hospital outcomes with often scant, if any, follow-up after discharge.…”

Tight Blood Glucose Control Is Renoprotective in Critically Ill Patients

“…In addition, diabetes is a generally recognized risk factor for AKI in several settings. 10 Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are also common in critically ill patients, even in those without diabetes, 11,12 and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Observational trials, after correction for diabetes and other known risk factors, have shown an association between pre-or intraoperative hyperglycemia and postoperative AKI after cardiac surgery, 20,21 between hyperglycemia at cardiac catheterization and contrast nephropathy, 22 and between hyperglycemia during total parenteral nutrition and the development of AKI.…”

Determinantes precoces en el desarrollo de injuria renal aguda durante la sepsis abdominal experimental

“…La importancia de la caída en la presión de perfusión renal como mecanismo de IRA ha sido destacada previamente por otros autores 16,17 . En particular, el estudio de Chvojka et al 16 muestra que en animales sépticos, la existencia de IRA se correlacionó principalmente a una disminución en la presión de perfusión renal.…”