Risk Factors for Acute Rejection in the First Year after Lung Transplant. A Multicenter Study

Family History of Pulmonary Fibrosis Predicts Worse Survival in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease

“…We assessed the association between FPF and transplant-free survival (TFS) using univariate and multivariate multilevel, mixedeffects Cox proportional hazards regression, which incorporated center as a random effect to control for center-level heterogeneity in TFS and patient-level covariates strongly collinear with center. 24,25 Race and Gender, Age, Physiology stage (composite of sex, age, FVC and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide percent predicted) were modeled as fixed effects. 26 Survival was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator and was compared using a log-rank test.…”

Acute Rejection in the Modern Lung Transplant Era

“…According to 2015 to 2018 data of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Registry, 26.6% recipients have received treatment for ACR in the first year after transplant, 1 whereas biopsyproven ACR in the first posttransplant year was identified in 53.5% LTx recipients in a recent multicenter observational study. 2 The risk of ACR appears to be highest within the first 3 to 6 months posttransplant and decreases thereafter. [3][4][5][6][7]…”

“…Nevertheless, several studies have shown that a high number of HLA mismatches or the nature of the mismatch is associated with an increased risk of ACR. 2,5,6,[55][56][57][58] Donor-recipient sex mismatches did not increase ACR risk in two studies. 7,59 Perioperative Factors…”

Transforming Diagnostics in Lung Transplantation: From Bronchoscopy to an Artificial Intelligence–driven Approach

“…A study by Todd and colleagues (pp. 576–585 ) published in this issue of the Journal is a welcome exception ( 2 ).…”

“…Double lung transplantation and the use of induction immunosuppression were associated with a decreased risk for acute rejection during the first year after transplantation. When Todd and colleagues normalized for number of biopsies performed during the first year after transplant and analyzed time-independent variables associated with acute rejection, they found that patients with double lung transplantation and patients with fewer than four HLA mismatches continued to have a decreased risk for acute rejection ( 2 ).…”