Risk Factors, Endurance of Victimization, and Survival Strategies: The Impact of the Structural Location of Men and Women on Their Experiences Within Homeless Milieus

Evans, Rand B.; Forsyth, Craig J.

doi:10.1080/02732170390260413

Cited by 40 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this way, this study reaches a different conclusion than Evans and Forsyth (2004), who found that men and women use similar survival strategies while on the streets. In this way, this study reaches a different conclusion than Evans and Forsyth (2004), who found that men and women use similar survival strategies while on the streets.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Homelessness and the Mobile Shelter System: Public Transportation as Shelter

Nichols

Cázares

2010

J. Soc. Pol.

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Those without housing often use public space differently than those who are housed. This can cause dilemmas for and conflicts among public officials as guardians of public space and goods. In this paper, we look at one such utilisation of space from the perspective of those who board 24-hour public transportation routes and ride the bus all night for shelter. We describe the results of a preliminary survey, observations and informal conversations with unhoused riders on the bus over three nights in one county in the United States. We found that a substantial number of the unhoused riders we surveyed used the bus as their main form of night-time shelter throughout the year, and that some have ridden the bus for shelter for many years. Men were more likely to say that they used the bus to sleep, while women rode the bus for safety. While some unhoused riders also utilised shelters or did not know about other shelter options, many actively choose the bus over emergency shelters. The potential implications of the study for service providers, researchers and policy-makers are addressed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Homelessness and the Mobile Shelter System: Public Transportation as Shelter

Nichols

Cázares

2010

J. Soc. Pol.

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“…Several studies demonstrate that, similar to domiciled individuals, homeless men are more likely to be victims of all types of crime when compared to homeless women with the exception of rape and sexual assault (Lee & Schreck, 2005;Padgett & Struening, 1992;Whitbeck & Simons, 1993). Evans and Forsyth (2004) found that both men and women experienced similar patterns of victimization in regards to theft; however, as noted, women were more susceptible to sexual victimization while men were more likely to be the victims of assault and robbery. Snow et al (1989) suggest that most homeless victimization comes from within the homeless population, finding that the risk of a homeless individual being victimized by another homeless male was 11 times greater than the risk to the general population.…”

Section: Victimization Among the Homelessmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The extant literature has repeatedly found that time spent on the street is related to increased victimization (Evans & Forsyth, 2004;Fitzpatrick et al, 1993;Huey & Berndt, 2008;Lee & Schreck, 2005;Whitbeck et al, 2001). Although time is a relevant factor, it is the exposure of self during this period that is associated with victimization.…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific violent traumas noted to be prevalent among homeless women include childhood physical and sexual abuse (Browne, 1993;North & Smith, 1992;North, Smith, & Spitznagel, 1994;US Conference of Mayors, 2007), adult physical and sexual abuse including intimate partner violence (Baker et al, 2003;North & Smith, 1992;North et al, 1994;Styron, Janoff-Bulman, & Davidson, 2000;Wagner & Menke, 1991), sexual assault including rape (Cook, 1995;North & Smith, 1992;North et al, 1994), and physical assault (Cook, 1995;North & Smith, 1992;North et al, 1994;Styron et al, 2000). The previous research has found high rates of sexual exploitation and violence among homeless women (Evans & Forsyth, 2004;Huey & Berndt, 2008;Maher, Dunlap, Johnson, & Hamid, 1996). Hence, this population may be considered attractive to would be predators especially when these individuals lack a guardian.…”

Section: Target Attractivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Victims hidden in plain sight: the reality of victimization among the homeless

Garland

Richards

Cooney

2010

Criminal Justice Studies

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Using the framework of structural choice theory, this exploratory study discusses self-reported differences in criminality and victimization within the homeless population as a predictor of future victimization. A sample of homeless individuals (N = 105) in a mid-size southern city was collected to investigate factors related to past and current victimization. Findings reveal that homeless individuals who reported being turned away from a shelter and as having committed a new crime since becoming homeless are significantly more likely to experience victimization.

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“…Studies of victimization of homeless people have consistently found that homeless women are more likely to be victims of violence, particularly sexual assault and rape, as compared to homeless men (Evans and Forsyth, 2004;Kim et al, 2010;Kushel et al, 2003;Lee and Schreck, 2005). While homeless, the lack of suitable and stable shelter increases the likelihood that a woman will be a victim of violence, and here too, this is particularly true if substance abuse or mental illness is also part of the picture.…”

Section: Homeless Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%