Risk factors associated with suicide among esophageal carcinoma patients from 1975 to 2016

Abstract

Throughout the world, esophageal cancer patients had a greater suicidal risk compared with ordinary people. Thus, we aimed to affirm suicide rates, standardized mortality rates, and underlying suicide-related risk factors of esophageal cancer patients. Patients suffering esophageal cancer were chosen from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results repository in 1975–2016. Suicide rates as well as standardized mortality rates in the patients were measured. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression had been adopted for establishing the latent suicide risk factors among patients suffering esophageal cancer. On multivariable Cox regression, gender (male vs. female, HR: 6.37), age of diagnosis (70–105 vs. 0–55, HR: 2.69), marital status, race (white race vs. black race, HR: 6.64; American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander vs. black race, HR: 8.60), histologic Grade (Grade III vs. Grade I, HR: 2.36), no surgery performed (no/unknown vs. yes, HR: 2.01), no chemotherapy performed were independent risk factors related to suicide in patients suffering esophageal cancer. Male sex, the older age, unmarried state, non-black race, histologic Grade III, no surgery performed, no chemotherapy performed were strongly related to suicide in patients suffering esophageal cancer.

Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients with pancreatic cancer: A population-based analysis from 2000 to 2018

“…The results might be related to the older diagnostic age of pancreatic cancer patients, with an overall average age of 70. Regarding gender differences, our results are consistent with the previous studies (1,22,23). Among pancreatic cancer patients, males were 12 times more likely to commit suicide than females, with an SMR of 7.06.…”

“…In general, our study obtained an SMR of 6.43 (95% CI: 5.49-7.37) in pancreatic cancer patients compared with the general U.S. population aged 65-74. Previous studies have already concentrated on suicide death among patients with other gastrointestinal cancers, and the SMRs were 2.26 (95% CI: 1.78-2.84) for liver cancer (23), 4.07 (95% CI: 3.18-5.13) for gastric cancer (32), and 5.45 (95% CI: 4.66-6.35) for esophageal cancer (22). Unsurprisingly, pancreatic cancer patients have been reported to be the most depressed among gastrointestinal tumors (13,14), which corroborates our findings.…”

“…exceeded that of females (2). In addition, although males might face more intractable sources of stress (22), they are less likely to have psychological problems diagnosed (34). The unmanaged stress could finally turn into a vicious ending.…”

“…The histological types were classified as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN), and unknown/ other types (21). If the patient's survival months were 0, it was approximated to 0.5 for analysis convenience (22). In addition, patients were classified as < 2 months, 2-12 months, and ≥ 13 months based on the number of follow-up months since diagnosis.…”

“…In addition, patients were classified as < 2 months, 2-12 months, and ≥ 13 months based on the number of follow-up months since diagnosis. The cut-off value of two months was chosen as the best estimate of the reasonable window between diagnosis and initiation of treatment (22,23).…”