Risk factors associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in population-based studies among immunocompromised patients (pregnant women, HIV patients and children) in West African countries, Cameroon and Gabon: a meta-analysis

Odeniran, Paul Olalekan; Omolabi, Kehinde F.; Ademola, Isaiah Oluwafemi

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105544

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…T. gondii leads to severe congenital disabilities such as hydrocephaly. In immunocompromised patients, toxoplasmosis presents symptoms such as apathy, seizures, confusion, visual disorder, dyspnea, personality changes, and diarrhea [17,18]. Up to 40% of patients with AIDS develop T. gondii encephalitis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Toxoplasmosis among the Pakistani Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular obligate parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection that affects warm-blooded animals and humans worldwide. To comprehensively characterize the disease condition in Pakistan for future reference, we ascertained the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection and predisposing factors in the Pakistani population over a 20-year period. We systematically reviewed research articles published in English (2000–2020) from PubMed and Google Scholar. The search results 26 publications involving 10,924 people and 2611 seropositive cases. The toxoplasmosis seropositivity rate was higher in women (25.44%) as compared to men (21.48%) and were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, seropositivity was high among people with direct contact with cats, who consumed uncooked meat and raw vegetables, had poor education, and lived in rural areas. The 35–65-year age group had the highest prevalence rate of T. gondii infection. Toxoplasma infection was significantly more prevalent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (25.87%) than in Punjab (20.42%) (p < 0.001). This is the first comprehensive analysis of T. gondii infection epidemiology in Pakistan. It reveals a high frequency of infection among women. We strongly encourage further research to aid patient care and the development of more efficient diagnostic tests and preventative techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Toxoplasmosis among the Pakistani Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Toxoplasma gondii infection is implicated in pregnancy for women who may be immunocompromised globally [ 21 ]. The overall pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in pregnant women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region was 36.5% (95%CI: 32.6–40.4) with 99.61% heterogeneity, the Toxoplasma gondii IgM positivity was 3.6%’ (95%CI: 3.1–4.1), which may be indicative of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection, while the pooled IgG positivity was 33.5%; (95%CI: 29.8–37.2), which may be indicative of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rabaan,

Uzairue,

Alfaraj

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Background: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii may cause serious illness in the immunocompromised. The Toxoplasma gondii seropositive prevalence in pregnant women in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region countries is inconsistent in the literature and it is associated with outcomes that have not be fully elucidated, hence the need for a better understanding of the pooled seroprevalence and associated maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematic literature review and determine the pooled prevalence of WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional countries’ pregnant women’s seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and the maternal–fetal outcomes. Methods: This quantitative study examined WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries’ maternal–fetal outcomes and Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women. The targeted population was pregnant women, while the primary outcome was seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii, while other outcomes such as maternal and fetal associations and risk factors were determined PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) databases were searched up until 30 January 2023. The search terms used were “Toxoplasma gondii” OR “Toxoplasma infection” AND “Pregnant woman” or pregnan* OR Antenatal OR Prenatal OR Gravidity OR Parturition OR Maternal AND WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region). OpenMeta-Analyst and Jamovi were used to analyze the generated data. Results: In total, 95 of 2947 articles meeting the inclusion criteria examined Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in pregnant women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries. The pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women was 36.5% (95%CI: 32.6–40.4) with a median value of 35.64%, range values of 1.38–75.30%, with 99.61% heterogeneity. The pooled seroprevalence of IgG of Toxoplasma gondii was 33.5% (95%CI: 29.8–37.2) with a median value of 33.51%, and a range values of 1.38–69.92%; the pooled seroprevalence of IgM was 3.6% (95%CI: 3.1–4.1)) with a median value of 3.62 and range values of 0.20–17.47%, while cases of pooled seroprevalence of both IgG and IgM positivity was 3.0% (95%CI: 1.9–4.4) with a median value of 2.05 and a range values of 0.05–16.62%. Of the Toxoplasma gondii seropositive women, 1281/3389 (34.8%) 174/1765 (32.9%), 1311/3101 (43.7%), and 715/1683 (40.8%) of them had contact with cats, drank unprocessed milk, ate raw or undercooked meat and ate unwashed raw vegetables, respectively. The maternal–fetal outcomes associated with Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity were a history of abortions, miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine fetal death, and premature birth, which were found in 868/2990 (32.5%), 112/300 (36.1%), 111/375 (25.7%), 3/157 (1.9%) and 96/362 (20.1%) of women who tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Conclusion: The study found a high proportion of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, which may be linked to poor outcomes for mothers and their babies. Thus, pregnant women require monitoring and comprehensive prevention strategies for Toxoplasma gondii infection.

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“…Some feline parasites have been reported to cause diseases of public health importance, including cutaneous and visceral larva migrans, dipylidiasis, and toxoplasmosis [6]. Cat ownership has been documented as a risk factor for Toxoplasma infections in pregnant women [7]. Studies on endoparasites of cats have reported a prevalence ranging from 20 to 40% in Europe [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary survey of feline intestinal parasites in Ghana

Amissah-Reynolds¹,

Ofori²

2023

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Cats can host an array of parasite species. This is particularly evident in sub-Saharan Africa, where climatic conditions favour parasites and their vectors, and pets are given little medical attention. The presence of parasites in cats results in significant morbidity in these companion animals. Proximity of infected cats to humans also favours zoonotic transmissions. This study aimed at ascertaining the prevalence and diversity of parasites in cats. A total of 90 feline faecal samples were examined using floatation techniques. Overall, 75 cats (83.3%) were infected with at least one of six parasite species. Toxocara ova were found in 35 (38.9%), hookworm ova in 20 (22.2%), Isospora in 19 (21.1%), Capillaria in 17 (18.9%), pinworm eggs in 5 (5.6%) and flukes in 4 (4.4%) cats respectively. Sex of cats was a significant determinant of infections. This study demonstrates environmental contamination with feline parasites of zoonotic importance, thus necessitating a One-Health surveillance to minimize zoonotic risks from these companion animals. Cats play active roles in the transmission of multiple parasites of zoonotic importance in Ghana.

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Risk factors associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in population-based studies among immunocompromised patients (pregnant women, HIV patients and children) in West African countries, Cameroon and Gabon: a meta-analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Epidemiology of Toxoplasmosis among the Pakistani Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Epidemiology of Toxoplasmosis among the Pakistani Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Seroprevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal–Fetal Outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women from WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Preliminary survey of feline intestinal parasites in Ghana

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