Risk factors associated with high prevalence of intimate partner violence amongst school-going young women (aged 15–24years) in Maputo, Mozambique

Abstract

Background In many countries, there is evidence that intimate partner violence is prevalent among young women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with intimate partner violence in young women (aged 15–24 years) attending secondary schools in Maputo, Mozambique. Method Using a probability proportional sampling strategy, 431 participants were recruited, and the data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between IPV and sociodemographic and sociocultural factors. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. Results Of the 413 participants, 248 (60%) (95% CI: 55.15–64.61) had experienced at least one form of IPV in their lifetime. Then, of the 293 participants who had a partner in the previous 12 months prior to the data collection, 186 (63.4%) (95% CI: 57.68–69.00) reported IPV in the 12 months prior to data collection. The psychological violence was the predominant type of violence, lifetime prevalence 230 (55.7%), and over the previous 12 months 164 (55.9%). The risk of IPV was associated with young women lacking religious commitment (AOR, 1.596, 95% CI: 1.009–2.525, p = 0.046) and if the head of the young women’s household was unemployed (AOR, 1.642 95% CI: 1.044–2.584, p = 0.032). In the bivariate analysis the odds of being abused remained lower among the younger teenage women (OR, 0.458 95% CI: 0.237–0.888, p = 0.021), and higher, among young women if the partner was employed (OR, 2.247 95% CI: 1.187–4.256, p = 0.013) and among the young women believing that males are superior to females (OR, 2.298 95% CI:1.014–5.210. p = 0.046). Conclusion These findings reveal a high prevalence of IPV among young women. Comprehensive programs should incorporate socioeconomic empowerment strategies to increase women’s autonomy. There is a need to address religious beliefs through cultural perspectives, to improve social interactions that promote violence free relationships, gender egalitarian norms, and physical and emotional wellbeing for young women.

Effect of intimate partner violence in pregnancy on maternal and perinatal outcomes at the Korle Bu teaching hospital, Ghana: An observational cross sectional study

“…Similar observations were reported from Nigeria, Uganda, Afghanistan, and Iran suggesting that education and marital status were not associated with domestic violence in pregnancy. 7,9,11,18,23 Our study found no significant association between gestational diabetes and IPV, so agree with Pheiffer et al 27 ; a larger populationbased research is needed to examine this association.…”

“…This finding is consistent with those reported in other African countries, including Nigeria and Uganda with prevalence of IPV in pregnancy at 15.1%-31.8%. [7][8][9] However, Faramarzi et al 18 in Iran reported higher prevalence of 59.8%. This observed difference may be attributed to different socio-cultural and religious values between Ghana and Iran.…”

“…3,4 Recognized risk factors for domestic violence during pregnancy include: young age, no/low education, unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, alcohol consumption by partner, and couple being HIVpositive. [5][6][7][8] Previous studies have reported association between domestic violence during pregnancy and late prenatal booking, fewer prenatal visits, preterm labor, depression, pre-eclampsia, and late presentation during labor. 6,[9][10][11][12] Others have also associated domestic violence during pregnancy with threatened abortion, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, increased rate of operative delivery and maternal death.…”

Prevalence and associated factors of gender based violence among Baso high school female students, 2020

“…Our study finding was lower than a study conducted in the southern part of Ethiopia (wolaita Sodo and Aleta wondo), and a study conducted in Maputo. A cross sectional study which was published recently indicated that the prevalence of life time gender based-violence (GBV), sexual and physical violence were 63.2%, 37.2%, and 56.3%, respectively in Wolaita Sodo town and another study in Aleta wondo reported that lifetime prevalence of gender based violence were 68.2% as well as sexual and physical violence were 26.3% and 56.14% respectively the study conducted in Maputo reported that the lifetime prevalence of gender based violence among school adolescent girls were 55.7% the difference for this might be due to the difference in socio cultural and norms among the study populations besides the difference also might be due to study settings [ 7 , 18 , 20 ].…”

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gender Based Violence Among Baso High School Female Students, 2020.

“…Our study nding was lower than a study conducted in the southern part of Ethiopia (wolaita Sodo and Aleta wondo), and a study conducted in Maputo. A cross sectional study which was published recently indicated that the prevalence of life time gender based-violence (GBV), sexual and physical violence were 63.2%, 37.2%, and 56.3%, respectively in Wolaita Sodo town and another study in Aleta wondo reported that life time prevalence of gender based violence were 68.2 % as well as sexual and physical violence were 26.3% and 56.14% respectively the study conducted in Maputo reported that the life time prevalence of gender based violence among school adolescent girls were 55.7 % the difference for this might be due to the difference in socio cultural and norms among the study populations besides the difference also might be due to study settings (6,15,17)…”