Risk Factors Associated with Different Types of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): An Emergency Department Study

Abstract

Background Domestic intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious healthcare concern, which may be mitigated by early detection, screening and intervention. Objectives We examine posited predictors in IPV and non-IPV groups, and in four different IPV profiles. Possible factors include a) alcohol use, b) drug use, d) depression, e) impulsivity, f) age, and g) any childhood experience in observing parental violence. We also introduce a new “Five Steps in Screening for IPV” quick reference tool, which may assist ED physicians in detection and treatment. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using survey data from 412 inner-city ED patients. Associations were explored using a chi-squared test of independence, independent-samples t-tests, and a one way analysis of variance. Results Nearly 16% had experienced IPV. As a group, they were younger, and more depressed and impulsive than the non-IPV group. They were more likely to engage in binge drinking, use drugs, and had more childhood exposure to violence. In the IPV group, 31% were perpetrators, 20% victims, and 49% both victims and perpetrators. The latter group was younger, more impulsive and depressed, used drugs, and was more likely to have observed parental violence as a child. Conclusion Correlates in groups affected by IPV indicate the same general risk factors, which appear to more acutely affect those who are both perpetrators and victims. Alcohol and drug use, depressive symptoms and childhood exposure to violence may be factors and signs for which emergency physicians should screen in the context of IPV.

Intimate partner violence trends in Brazil: data from two waves of the Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey

“…28,29 This result also replicates our previous publication based on the 2006 dataset alone. 30 Additionally, male-to-female IPV perpetration has been consistently linked to heavy drinking by men 31 and AUD. 32,33 It is relevant to highlight that gender differences were not spotted with regards to perpetration of violence in our results.…”

Intimate Partner Violence and Its Associated Factors in a Sample of Colombian Immigrant Population in Spain

“…Previous research support that partner violence and mistreatment would be more frequent at younger ages [34,35], frequently due to physical and emotional factors, and a larger exposition to stressful events, such as difficulties in raising children and maintaining the household [36]. However, the null association of IPV with age in women is challenging.…”

Estudio del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y conflictividad familiar en sujetos condenados por delitos de violencia de género

“…Partiendo de nuestros resultados, se observa una clara relación significativa entre problemas en el ámbito familiar durante la infancia como factor de riesgo asociado al posterior consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias, lo cual no se aparta de lo hallado en otros trabajos 10,20 . Según los diferentes tipos de conflictos familiares analizados en los delincuentes por violencia de género, hemos podido observar que el alcoholismo paterno es el que guarda una mayor relación con el posterior consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias.…”

“…Bazargan-Hejazi et al 10 determinaron que los delincuentes por violencia de género mostraban mayores índices de consumo de drogas y exposición a conflictos familiares durante la infancia, así como la necesidad de intervenir principalmente en estos factores de riesgo para reducir los delitos en el ámbito familiar.…”