Risk factors associated with acute respiratory infections among under-five children admitted to Arthur’s Children Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.

Banda, Wisdom; Mazaba, Mazyanga L.; Mulenga, David; Siziya, Seter

doi:10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.3.23

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Children who were under one year old were more likely to have ARI compared to older children. The finding is consistent with studies conducted in Rwanda, Ethiopia, Ndola (Zambia) [ 2 , 22 , 23 ] which showed increased likelihood of ARI. The increase in the risk for ARI in this age group is most likely related to the low immunity among the children which tends to improve secondary to exposures to immunizations and generally developing resistance to infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Acute respiratory infection is an acute disease affecting the lungs causing fluid and inflammatory waste to accumulate covering alveolar, inhibiting gaseous exchange and leading to difficult and painful breathing [ 1 ]. ARI affects all ages but the effects are particularly life threating among children under the age of five [ 2 , 3 ]. Globally it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under five children, in 2015, 922,000 deaths occurred accounting for 16% of all deaths in this age group [ 1 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The health management information system (HMIS) report of 2016-2017 shows ARI among the top ten causes of morbidity among under five children accounting [ 6 ] for 14% of deaths after malaria and diarrhoea [ 6 , 7 ]. Thirty to forty percent (30 - 40%) of children´s out-patient attendance as well as 20-30% of hospitalizations in Zambia are due to acute respiratory infection [ 2 ]. Several factors are associated with ARI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under five children in Zambia: evidence from Zambia's demographic and health surveys: 1996-2014

Mulambya¹,

Nanzaluka²,

Sinyangwe³

et al. 2020

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five years globally accounting for 16% of deaths. In Zambia, ARI accounts for 30-40% of children's outpatient attendance and 20-30% of hospital admissions. We assessed trends and factors associated with ARI among under-five children in Zambia from 1996 to 2014. Methods we analysed the Zambia demographic and health survey data for 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2014 of under five children and their mothers. We extracted data using a data extraction tool from the women's file. We analysed trends using chi square for trends. We conducted a complex survey multivariable logistic regression analysis, reported adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values. Results we included a total of 6,854 and 2,389 (8%) had symptoms consistent with ARI. A 2% upward trend was noted between the 1996 and 2002 surveys but a sharp decline of 10% occurred in 2007. The chi2 trend test was significant p < 0.001. Children whose mothers had secondary or higher education were less likely to have ARI (AOR 0.30 95% CI 0.15-0.58) compared to those with no education. Underweight children had 1.50 times increased odds of having ARI (AOR 1.50 95% CI 1.25 - 1.68) compared with children who were not. Use of biomass fuels such as charcoal (AOR 2.67 95% CI 2.09 - 3.42) and wood (2.79 95% CI 2.45 -3.19) were associated with high odds for ARI compared to electricity. Conclusion the prevalence of ARI has declined in Zambia from 1996 to 2014. Factors associated with occurrence of ARI included being a child under one year, underweight, use of biomass fuel such as charcoal and wood. Interventions to reduce the burden of ARI should be targeted at scaling up nutrition programs, as well as promoting use of cleaner fuels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trends and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under five children in Zambia: evidence from Zambia's demographic and health surveys: 1996-2014

Mulambya¹,

Nanzaluka²,

Sinyangwe³

et al. 2020

Pan Afr Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pneumonia for instance, continues to be the leading infectious cause of mortality among children under-five, killing about 2,400 children a day (UNICEF, 2016). ALRIs are due to bacterial, fungal, or viral infections of the respiratory tract leading to breathing difficulties, fatigue, wheezing, pain on swallowing, fever, cough, nasal discharge, and sputum production (Banda, Mazaba, Mulenga, & Siziya, 2016). Some of these conditions further lead to complications in other parts of the body such as the ears and the membranes surrounding the brain and causing serious fatalities in both younger and older age-groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these conditions further lead to complications in other parts of the body such as the ears and the membranes surrounding the brain and causing serious fatalities in both younger and older age-groups. Some health conditions such as; sore throat, ear infections, pink eye, breathing difficulties and their associated disabilities including deafness among children, can partly be explained by improperly treated episodes of ALRIs (Banda et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections among children under-five years in sub–Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys

Seidu

Dickson

Amu

et al. 2019

SSM - Population Health

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Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRIs) account for 5.8 million deaths globally and 50% of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we examined the prevalence and determinants of ALRIs among children under-five years in 28 sub–Saharan African countries. We used data from the most recent (2011–2016) Demographic and Health Surveys of the 28 countries. Women aged 15–49 (N = 13,495) with children under-five years participated in the study. Data were extracted and analysed using STATA version 14.2. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to establish associations between the outcome and explanatory variables. The prevalence of ALRI for all the countries was 25.3%. Congo (39.8%), Gabon (38.1%), Lesotho (35.2%), and Tanzania (35.2%) were the countries with the highest prevalence of ALRIs. The results from the multivariate analyses showed that children aged 24–59 months (AOR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.04–1.28), and children who received intestinal parasite in the 6 months preceding the survey (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.02–1.22) had higher odds of developing ALRIs. However, children whose mothers were employed (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.64–0.94) and those whose households used improved toilet facilities (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.64–0.97) had lower odds of contracting ALRIs. Our findings underscore the need for stakeholders in health in the various sub-Saharan African countries, especially those worst affected by ALRIs to implement programmes and develop policies at different levels aimed at reducing infections among children under-five years. Such strategies should specifically focus on improving the administration of medications for intestinal worms, health education to mothers with children under five on ALRIs and improving the sanitation situations of households through the provision of improved toilet facilities.

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Determinants of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in rural areas of Legambo District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: A matched case–control study

Hassen

Getachew

Eneyew

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) leads to morbidity and mortality among under-fivechildren in developing countries, especially in rural settings. ARI ranks among the top 10 diseases in under-five children in Legambo District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate determinant factors for ARI in Legambo District in 2019. Materials and methods: A community-based matched case-control study was conducted, involving 139 cases and 278 controls under 5 years of age, from mid-January to mid-February 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. From the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis, variables with a significance level of p < 0.05 were taken as significantly associated with ARI among under-five children. Result: ARI among children under 5 years of age was significantly associated with age of the mother/ caregiver being !35 years, occupation of mother/caregiver being housewife, the family being of medium wealth status, the type of stove used in the house, carrying the child while preparing food, absence of windows in the house, and nutritional status of the child. Conclusion:The occurrence of ARI could be reduced by improving economic status, stove use, and nutrition of children, and by increasing community awareness regarding indoor air pollution and ventilation.

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Risk factors associated with acute respiratory infections among under-five children admitted to Arthur’s Children Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Trends and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under five children in Zambia: evidence from Zambia's demographic and health surveys: 1996-2014

Trends and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under five children in Zambia: evidence from Zambia's demographic and health surveys: 1996-2014

Prevalence and determinants of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections among children under-five years in sub–Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys

Determinants of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in rural areas of Legambo District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: A matched case–control study

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