Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution of Canine Coccidioidomycosis in California, 2005-2013

Grayzel, Sharon E.; Martínez‐López, Beatriz; Sykes, Jane E.

doi:10.1111/tbed.12475

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…In particular, temperature, electrical conductivity and soil pH should be included as predictors in future models, with flexible modelled forms such as polynomials or splines. These results also provide strong support for the collection of animal‐level covariate data in future studies, particularly travel history, breed, age, digging behaviour and time spent outdoors (Butkiewicz, Shubitz, & Dial, ; Grayzel et al., ). These findings are particularly promising in the light of the fact that the Washington State DOH is currently collecting such data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Perhaps most importantly, along with the work of prior authors in California and Texas (Gautam et al, ; Grayzel et al, ), this analysis demonstrates the utility of collecting and analysing veterinary data for an environmental pathogen of One Health concern. By virtue of animal behaviour, such sentinel animal species often have greater exposure to their environment, and exposure misclassification may be less for domestic animals than humans when based on residential address (as domestic animals do not commute to school or work).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Due to their popularity as companion pets and behaviours that increase dust exposure, dogs are considered to be a sentinel species for human exposure to Coccidioides spp. A risk map developed in Texas based on canine serological data identified the same high‐risk areas as those identified by human case data (Gautam et al, ), and more recently, authors in California found predicted county‐level canine coccidioidomycosis risk to be correlated with the spatial distribution of human cases (Grayzel, Martinez‐Lopez, & Sykes, ). This analysis seeks to estimate the association between canine seroprevalence and soil and climactic variables with demonstrated relevance to ecological suitability in the Southwestern United States and Mexico (Baptista‐Rosas et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Soil and climactic predictors of canine coccidioidomycosis seroprevalence in Washington State: An ecological cross‐sectional study

Meisner

Clifford

Wohrle

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Coccidioidomycosis is a predominantly respiratory infection of animals and humans caused by soil‐dwelling fungi. Long known to be endemic to North American deserts, locally acquired human cases first emerged in Washington State in 2010. To inform development of an environmental niche map, we conducted an ecological cross‐sectional study of the association between soil and climactic variables and canine seroprevalence in Washington State, at the zip code tabulation area level. Soil predictors included soil texture (per cent sand, silt and clay), pH, electrical conductivity and water storage capacity; climactic predictors included mean annual air temperature and liquid precipitation. Clustering was evaluated with Moran's I, and four modelling approaches were adopted a priori: two models without any smoothing (logistic regression and quasi‐logistic regression) and two smoothing models (non‐spatial and spatial smoothing). No evidence was found for clustering, and both smoothing models resulted in marked attenuation of all coefficients. Temperature was found to have a positive effect in the non‐smoothing models (prevalence odds ratio, logistic model: 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.02, 2.84). While no other significant associations were found, there was suggestive evidence of a positive effect for pH. Despite the limitations inherent to the ecological and cross‐sectional nature of these data, these findings provide insight for the development of an environmental niche map in Washington State and demonstrate the utility of using data from an animal sentinel to predict human disease risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Soil and climactic predictors of canine coccidioidomycosis seroprevalence in Washington State: An ecological cross‐sectional study

Meisner

Clifford

Wohrle

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…[54]. The remaining two studies both evaluated rates of coccidioidomycosis infection in American dogs to indicate risk for human infection [55,56]. Results demonstrated that areas with a high rate of coccidioidomycosis in dogs in Texas overlapped with those formerly identified as potential risk areas based on human surveys, and that there was significant correlation between reported human rates of infection and the generated risk map of canine coccidioidomycosis in California, thus providing evidence that dogs may be utilized as sentinels to describe the risk of coccidioidomycosis in humans.…”

Section: Review Of the Global Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs (Canis familiaris) as Sentinels for Human Infectious Disease and Application to Canadian Populations: A Systematic Review

Bowser

Anderson

2018

Veterinary Sciences

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In a world where climate change, vector expansion, human activity, and pathogen dispersal do not respect boundaries, the human–animal–pathogen interface has become less defined. Consequently, a One Health approach to disease surveillance and control has generated much interest across several disciplines. This systematic review evaluates current global research on the use of domestic dogs as sentinels for human infectious disease, and critically appraises how this may be applied within Canada. Results highlighted a bias in research from high- and middle-income-economy countries, with 35% of the studies describing data from the Latin America/Caribbean region, 25% from North America, and 11% from the European/Central Asia region. Bacteria were the most studied type of infectious agent, followed by protozoa, viruses, helminths, and fungi. Only six out of 142 studies described disease in Canada: four researched a variety of pathogens within Indigenous communities, one researched Borrelia burgdorferi in British Columbia, and one researched arboviruses in Quebec. Results from this review suggest that dogs could provide excellent sentinels for certain infectious-disease pathogens in Canada, yet are currently overlooked. Further research into the use of dog-sentinel surveillance is specifically recommended for California serogroup viruses, Chikungunya virus, West Nile virus, Lyme borreliosis, Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Dirofilaria immitis.

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“…Both prevalence and incidence of Coccidioides exposure in dogs were assessed in southern Arizona, an area known to be highly endemic for coccidioidomycosis [16]. In addition, dogs have been used in California and Texas to model the spatial distribution of Coccidioides and identify areas of high risk exposure for humans [17, 18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species

et al. 2017

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Coccidioides is a soil-dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, a disease also known as Valley fever, which affects humans and a variety of animal species. Recent findings of Coccidioides in new, unexpected areas of the United States have demonstrated the need for a better understanding of its geographic distribution. Large serological studies on animals could provide important information on the geographic distribution of this pathogen. To facilitate such studies, we used protein A/G, a recombinant protein that binds IgG antibodies from a variety of mammalian species, to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that detects IgG antibodies against Coccidioides in a highly sensitive and high-throughput manner. We showed the potential of this assay to be adapted to multiple animal species by testing a collection of serum and/or plasma samples from dogs, mice, and humans with or without confirmed coccidioidomycosis. We then evaluated the performance of the assay in dogs, using sera from dogs residing in a highly endemic area, and found seropositivity rates significantly higher than those in dogs of non-endemic areas. We further evaluated the specificity of the assay in dogs infected with other fungal pathogens known to cross-react with Coccidioides. Finally, we used the assay to perform a cross-sectional serosurvey investigating dogs from Washington, a state in which infection with Coccidioides has recently been documented. In summary, we have developed a Coccidioides EIA for the detection of antibodies in canines that is more sensitive and has higher throughput than currently available methods, and by testing this assay in mice and humans, we have shown a proof of principle of its adaptability for other animal species.

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Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution of Canine Coccidioidomycosis in California, 2005-2013

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Soil and climactic predictors of canine coccidioidomycosis seroprevalence in Washington State: An ecological cross‐sectional study

Soil and climactic predictors of canine coccidioidomycosis seroprevalence in Washington State: An ecological cross‐sectional study

Dogs (Canis familiaris) as Sentinels for Human Infectious Disease and Application to Canadian Populations: A Systematic Review

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species

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