Risk factors and prognostic index model for pancreatic cancer

Abstract

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of pancreatic cancer. However, few studies have examined the prognostic role of inflammatory markers in this cancer. Our study sought to analyze the prognostic risk factors of and construct a prognostic index (PI) model using inflammatory markers for pancreatic cancer.Methods: Forty-eight patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at our hospital were selected for this retrospective analysis. Data on the general clinical characteristics, tumor-related features, blood index factors, and treatment methods were collected. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to draw the survival curve. Results:The median overall survival time was 14.5 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 20.83% (10/48), 6.25% (3/48), and 4.17% (2/48), respectively. The univariate analysis showed that tumor grade, vascular invasion, adjacent tissue invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the lymphocytemonocyte ratio (LMR) were significantly correlated with the median survival of pancreatic cancer patients (P<0.05). The Cox regression equation showed that tumor grade III-IV (X1), vascular invasion (X2), TNM stage III-IV (X3), a NLR >3.8 (X4), and a PLR >182.1 (X5) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (all P<0.05). The prognostic model for pancreatic cancer can be expressed as: PI =3.521X1+4.157X2+1.282X3+2.441X4+6.015X5. Patients with tumor grade I-II, nonvascular invasion, TNM stage I-II, a NLR ≤3.8, and a PLR ≤182.1 exhibited a higher 1-year survival rate.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the NLR >3.8 and the PLR >182.1 were 0.778 and 0.713, respectively.Conclusions: Tumor grade, vascular invasion, TNM staging, the NLR, and the PLR are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. The NLR and PLR have good clinical value in predicting the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients.

Clinical significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute exacerbations of COPD: present and future

“…In contrast, inflammatory indexes that are easily derived from routine haematological parameters, particularly the NLR and the PLR, are increasingly studied in inflammatory states, including COPD, in view of their simple and rapid determination and easy interpretation. The potential role of both the NLR and the PLR in clinical practice is supported by their capacity to predict adverse outcomes in a wide range of disease states [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have been investigated in several disease states, e.g. solid tumours, systemic lupus erythematosus, coronary artery disease, retinal artery occlusion, chronic kidney disease and stable COPD [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

CT radiomics for Predicting Survival in Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Chemotherapy

“…Studies have shown that tumor invasion of large blood vessels causes tumor cells to form micro-metastases, and neovascularization provides nutrients for tumor growth, thus forming a vicious cycle [28]. Most studies have reported that the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with vascular invasion is poor [29]. However, there are few reports on the correlation between the invasion of different major peripancreatic vessels and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.…”

Risk factors for unresectable pancreatic cancer following high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment

“…Previous research has shown that the pain symptoms of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer may be relieved immediately after the treatment with HIFU 15 . In addition, previous studies have also confirmed that the tumor size, location, and patient serum markers of pancreatic cancer have a important clinical significance in predicting prognosis 16,17 …”

“…15 In addition, previous studies have also confirmed that the tumor size, location, and patient serum markers of pancreatic cancer have a important clinical significance in predicting prognosis. 16,17 Therefore, this study aimed at evaluate the relationship between these high-risk characteristics and prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer after HIFU treatment, in order to provide help for HIFU treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer in the future.…”