Risk factors and molecular features of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria at southwest of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Objectives:To explore the risk factors, the prevalence rate, and gene types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria as the causative agents of infection at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted during the period between February 2017 and January 2018. All samples obtained from the KAASH were analyzed. The MicroScan Walkaway System, bacteriological examination and double disk synergy tests were used to detect ESBL-producing bacteria. To identify ESBL genes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used.Results:The ESBL phenotype was detected in 351 of 1151 isolates (30.5%); Escherichia coli (E. coli) (62.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (23.6%) were the most prevalent. The highest proportion of ESBL specimens was found in urine (62%.5), and these organisms were mainly isolated from the female medical ward (20.2%). Based on the statistical analysis, lung diseases, renal diseases, diabetes and heart diseases contributed to the spread of ESBL infections. Amikacin, imipenem, meropenem and tigecycline were found to be effective in overcoming ESBL infections; however, these antibiotics may be inappropriate for new strains of K.pneumoniae. The distribution of the blaCTX-M gene was high (87%), compared with blaTEM (74.9%) and blaSHV (29.4%).Conclusion:These data provide new epidemiological information about the prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms among patients in KAASH, Taif, Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study identified the clonal nature of isolated E.coli and K.pneumoniae.

Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria among outpatients with ear infection at FelegeHiwot Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia

“…At the same time, the proportion of ear infection with ESBL producing bacteria was high in patients with other chronic illness. The result concurs with a report from Saudi Arabia [ 33 ].The role of chronic disease in the presence of ESBL enzyme might be linked with patients’ frequent exposure to antibiotics for the management of opportunistic infections which causes for selection and emergence of drug resistance.…”

“…aeruginosa are widely distributed in the places where poor sanitary conditions exist. This might contributes the transfer of ESBL resistance genes in the isolates [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Retrospective Analysis on Antimicrobial Resistance Trends and Prevalence of β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated from Arabian Patients during 2000–2020

“…Isolates expressing various ESBLs were confirmed by double-disk potentiation method, thirteen studies from Saudi Arabia reported the phenotypic prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. These studies showed that during the initial study period of year 2000, ESBL prevalence was relatively low (4.8%), but increased dramatically to 72% by 2020 in these countries based on the data obtained from 93,961 clinical samples [ 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The PCR analysis of various β-lactamases traits shown in Table 2 indicates that the prevalence of bla SHV , bla TEM and bla CTX-M among the E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens increased from between 2.6–8.5 to 84.1–97.3%, the bla OXA, enzyme during this period increased from 26.2% to 85.7%, and increasing resistance for bla PER bla GES β-lactamases was also demonstrated.…”

“…The PCR analysis of various β-lactamases traits shown in Table 2 indicates that the prevalence of bla SHV , bla TEM and bla CTX-M among the E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens increased from between 2.6–8.5 to 84.1–97.3%, the bla OXA, enzyme during this period increased from 26.2% to 85.7%, and increasing resistance for bla PER bla GES β-lactamases was also demonstrated. On the other hand, bla VIM and bla NDM b-lactamases were the most prevalent metallo-β-lactamases resistance encoding genes, showing a remarkable increase, along with the bla IMP trait [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Uro-pathogens. An Experience from Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera

“…Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common pathogen producing the ESBL (62.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia(K. pneumoniae) (23.6%) that again matched our findings. They reported that The highest proportion of ESBL producing microbials were isolated from the urine samples(62.5%), and further that their majority of the target samples were reported from the female medical ward (20.2%) 22 23 While antibiotic sensitivity to K. pneumoniae ESBL isolates was imipenem (97.62%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (95.35%), Ampicillin-Sulbactam (90.48%) and Amikacin (88.37 %). 23 Another study reported that the sensitivity pattern to E.Coli-ESBL was amikacin (50.7%), SCF (51.4%), TZP (52.7%), and MXF (54.1%) that matched our findings.…”