Risk Factors and Innovations in Risk Assessment for Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is preventable. Various risk factors contribute to different types of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These risk factors encompass both extrinsic, such as UV exposure and behavioral components, and intrinsic factors, especially involving genetic predisposition. However, the specific risk factors vary among the skin cancer types, highlighting the importance of precise knowledge to facilitate appropriate early diagnosis and treatment for at-risk individuals. Better understanding of the individual risk factors has led to the development of risk scores, allowing the identification of individuals at particularly high risk. These advances contribute to improved prevention strategies, emphasizing the commitment to mitigating the impact of skin cancer.

Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling

“…Accordingly, the following types of data for melanoma can be gathered: (1) Clinical data that includes patient records, treatments, and outcomes, offering real-world insights into the efficacy of medical interventions [ 699 ]; (2) Genomic/genetic data [ 700 , 701 , 702 ]; (3) Imaging data, including dermatoscopic and histological images which are essential for early and accurate melanoma diagnosis [ 703 , 704 ]; (4) Environmental data such as UV exposure, lifestyle, and geographic factors influencing melanoma risk and progression [ 705 , 706 ]. As presented in Figure 7 , AI significantly enhances data-centric research capabilities in melanoma by: (1) Diagnosis where AI algorithms analyze complex imaging data to differentiate malignant from benign lesions with high accuracy [ 703 , 707 ]; (2) Prognosis and treatment personalization where predictive models integrate genomic and clinical data to forecast disease progression and customize treatment strategies [ 708 , 709 , 710 , 711 , 712 ]; (3) Epidemiological insights where AI analyzes environmental and behavioral data to identify risk factors and inform public health strategies [ 713 ].…”

Nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y óxido de plata para uso de protección solar de piel

“…De acuerdo a la American Cancer Society se predice que a lo largo del año 2023 se diagnosticarán aproximadamente 97,610 nuevos casos de melanoma (alrededor de 57,120 en hombres y 39,490 en mujeres) [2]. Esta evidencia nos resalta que existen ciertos factores de riesgo, como la exposición solar y predisposiciones genéticas, en la incidencia de cáncer de piel [3].…”