Risk Factors and Effects of Infestation with Pediculosis Capitis and Scabies among Primary School Students in Cairo , Egypt

Abstract

Background: Pediculosis capitis (PC) and scabies are an important public health problem in childhood. They have a worldwide distribution. Also, they have many effects on the infested students. Objectives: To define the prevalence of PC and scabies, to find out the socio-demographic, environment, and health care behavior risk factors, and to determine the effects on the studied students in Cairo, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: A cross-section, analytical study design was chosen to conduct this work. Three primary schools were the field of this study. Total number of the students was 1987. The students were clinically examined; for each infested case with PC and/ or scabies a control student was chosen. Results: Prevalence of PC and scabies was 10.2% and 3.4%, respectively. These infestations were more common significantly among students in the public school. Significant social risk factors of infested students were the low level of head of the family education, occupation, and social status. Also, significant personal hygiene risk factors were poor hair, body, and environment hygiene. While significant health care behavior risk factors were student never received skin examination, no early consultation for skin diseases, and no compliance with therapy. Also; female gender, the last birth order child, had previous infestation with PC, had sibling(s) with PC, and had parents with history of infestation with PC were significant risk factors. On the other hand; male gender, the last birth order child, had previous infestation with scabies, had sibling(s) with scabies, and had parents with history of infestation with scabies were significant risk factors. Further, the PC cases with crowding index >1, had no sun access, had shared water supply and bathing facilities, cosleeping, had no short cut hair, and sharing hair brushes were significant risk factors. On the other hand, the scabitcs with crowding index >1, had no sun access, had shared water supply and bathing facilities, and co-sleeping were significant risk factors. Lastly, presences of psychiatric, sleep, and peers' relations disturbances were significantly more common among the infested students. Conclusions: Many risk factors of PC and scabies can be manipulated, so these infestations can be prevented, so many health hazards on the students could be prevented. Recommendations: Improving students' hygiene, health education, and regular dermatological screening and treatment of students are important essentiality. Also, dermatological health component should be integrated in school health program. Lastly, further studies in different rural and urban areas in Egypt are recommended.

Risk factors of pre-eclampsia in Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara Province

“…Women with parity of one may be related to the young age of pregnant women, and young women have a higher risk of pre-eclampsia. 6 Our finding is consistent with a study conducted at Soeselo Tegal District General Hospital in Central Java. 14 In addition, a case control study in Cairo also documented that parity is a risk factor of pre-eclampsia.…”

“…14 In addition, a case control study in Cairo also documented that parity is a risk factor of pre-eclampsia. 6 However, other study conducted at Padang District General Hospital, West Sumatra Province, found that parity of 1 or >3 was not associated with pre-eclampsia. 15 Similar finding was also reported by a study in Tangerang, Banten which revealed that there was no association between parity and pre-eclampsia.…”

“…5 Several studies have reported that pre-eclampsia among women who live in rural areas is associated with being married for more than once, parity, birth space of less than two years, primigravida, unemployed, previous history of pre-eclampsia, obesity, stress, nulliparity, diabetes mellitus, history of chronic hypertension, smoking, smoke exposure and aged ≥35 years. [6][7][8][9] Risk factors associated to pre-eclampsia in Dompu District -West Nusa Tenggara Province are rarely been reported, however data from the 2013 National Basic Health Research indicated that several factors might explain a high prevalence of pre-eclampsia in Dompu District or West Nusa Tenggara Province. As many as 10.23% of population in West Nusa Tenggara were obese, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adult population (≥18 years) were 1.3% based on professional diagnosis and 24.3% based on blood pressure measurement.…”

Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Skin Diseases among Children Attending the Children’s Outpatient Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Nigeria

“…A similar finding was reported in Cote d'Ivoire [15]. In contrast, El-Moselhy et al [13] in Egypt and Lulu et al [12] in Ethiopia both found that skin diseases were significantly more common in females than males in their studies. Other authors however reported that gender of participants had no association with the occurrence of skin diseases [11,12].…”

“…A study done among primary school children in Egypt [13] reported sociodemographic factors associated with a higher prevalence of skin diseases to include attendance of public school; low parental education, occupation and social status. Personal hygiene risk factors for skindiseases were poor body, hair and environmental hygiene while health care behaviour risk factors were lack of skin examination for students, no early consultation for skin diseases and failure to comply with prescribed therapy.…”