Risk factor profile, management and prognosis of patients with peripheral arterial disease with or without coronary artery disease: results of the prospective German REACH registry cohort

Zeymer, Uwe; Parhofer, Klaus G.; Pittrow, David; Binz, Christiane; Schwertfeger, M.; Limbourg, Tobias; Röther, Joachim

doi:10.1007/s00392-009-0754-1

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…311 Patients with combined CAD and PAD in the REACH (REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health) registry (German cohort, mean age 67.3 years) were older and more likely to be treated with antithrombotic agents, statins, and ACEIs. 312 Hypertension is associated with more rapid progression of PAD. 313 Therefore, elderly patients with hypertension and exertional limitation involving lower extremity muscles, nonor poorly healing lower extremity wounds should be screened for PAD 298 by comprehensive examination of the pulses, measurement of the ankle-brachial index, and careful examination of the feet.…”

Section: Thoracic Aortic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly

et al. 2011

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Section: Thoracic Aortic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly

et al. 2011

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“…153,154 The presence of collaterals is associated with reduced infarct size, less severe functional deterioration, and reduced mortality following myocardial infarction. 110,117,153,154 Patients who do not develop collateral vessels to increase blood flow distal to the site of stenosis are more likely to develop heart failure. 154 Recent studies indicate that deficits in the hypoxic response underlie phenotypic heterogeneity observed with respect to collateralization.…”

Section: Hypoxia the Hifs And Ischemiainduced Coronary Collateralizmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…110,117 Vessel occlusion in PAD is usually caused by the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which are initiated by injuries to the endothelium from hemodynamic stress and uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Endothelial damage stimulates rapid proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, thickening the arterial wall.…”

Section: Hypoxia the Hifs And Peripheral Artery Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia-Induced Angiogenesis: Good and Evil

2011

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The vascular network delivers oxygen (O 2 ) and nutrients to all cells within the body. It is therefore not surprising that O 2 availability serves as a primary regulator of this complex organ. Most transcriptional responses to low O 2 are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), highly conserved transcription factors that control the expression of numerous angiogenic, metabolic, and cell cycle genes. Accordingly, the HIF pathway is currently viewed as a master regulator of angiogenesis. HIF modulation could provide therapeutic benefit for a wide array of pathologies, including cancer, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, wound healing, and neovascular eye diseases. Hypoxia promotes vessel growth by upregulating multiple pro-angiogenic pathways that mediate key aspects of endothelial, stromal, and vascular support cell biology. Interestingly, recent studies show that hypoxia influences additional aspects of angiogenesis, including vessel patterning, maturation, and function. Through extensive research, the integral role of hypoxia and HIF signaling in human disease is becoming increasingly clear. Consequently, a thorough understanding of how hypoxia regulates angiogenesis through an ever-expanding number of pathways in multiple cell types will be essential for the identification of new therapeutic targets and modalities.

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“…Intermittent claudication is a symptom of PAD and indicative of lower extremity occlusion. People with PAD have a high comorbidity burden [9], and this has significant implications for clinical management. This high comorbidity burden often increases in the advanced stages of PAD and is associated with an inability to undertake activities of daily living, impaired health related quality of life and increased health care utilisation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral arterial disease and chronic heart failure: a dangerous mix

et al. 2012

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Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with a high comorbidity burden, adverse impact on quality of life and high health care utilisation. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and CHF share many risk, pathophysiological and prognostic features, and each has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. PAD often goes undetected, and yet in spite of the availability of screening tools, this is not commonly considered in CHF care. A review of the electronic databases Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL was undertaken using the MeSH terms peripheral arterial disease, peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication and heart failure to identify studies examining the prevalence and clinical outcomes of coexisting PAD in patients with CHF. Five studies were identified. There are limited data describing the impact of PAD on CHF outcomes. As PAD may contribute to decreased capacity to exercise and other self-care behaviours, identifying those at risk and providing appropriate therapy are important. Based on this review, patients who are smokers and those with diagnosed coronary heart disease and diabetes should be targeted for the screening of PAD.

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Risk factor profile, management and prognosis of patients with peripheral arterial disease with or without coronary artery disease: results of the prospective German REACH registry cohort

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly

ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly

Hypoxia-Induced Angiogenesis: Good and Evil

Peripheral arterial disease and chronic heart failure: a dangerous mix

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