Risk factor profile among black stroke patients in Northeastern Nigeria

Watila, Musa Mamman; Ny,; aiti, Y W; Ibrahim, Abdulsalam Saif; Balarabe, Sulaiman A.; Gezawa, Ibrahim; Bakki, B; Tahir, A; Sulaiman, Mohammad Maina; Bwala, Sunday A

doi:10.5897/jnbh11.052

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The results show that stroke occurred at a relatively young age (56.4 ± 15.8), which is in keeping with an earlier cross-sectional study in the same centre, and to previous reports from other centers in Nigeria [22] [23]. However this is at variance with studies from the western world, including a recent study in Portugal, in which a mean age of 73.2 ± 8.7 years among stroke patients was reported [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Dyslipidemia was significantly higher among the cases (53%) as compared to the controls (37%) in the present study. Similarly, reports from the USA showed prevalence of dyslipidemia in stroke patients of 50.7%, while other studies reported lower rates of 15% in Maiduguri, and 20.6% in Burkina Faso [23] [29] [43]. This could be related to a higher cut off value of total cholesterol of 5.5 mmols/l as compared to 5.2 mmols/l used in the present study.…”

Section: Prospective Community Based Epidemiologic Studies Conductedsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…[30]. However lower prevalence was reported from North Eastern Nigeria [23]. Whites have higher prevalence of TIA as compared with blacks [52].…”

Section: Prospective Community Based Epidemiologic Studies Conductedmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Cigarette smoking was also reported to be insignificant in earlier studies among Nigerians, but a recent study in Benin (Nigeria) revealed that it was a strong risk factor (11.25% vs 1.25%) [22] [56] [57]. Smoking promotes atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation and vascular occlusion [23]. The low prevalence of alcohol consumption reflects the different socio-cultural norms of different parts of the country.…”

Section: Prospective Community Based Epidemiologic Studies Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Nigerians with Stroke

Yau¹,

Karaye²,

Okeahialam³

2016

WJCS

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Background: There is paucity of data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among stroke patients in our population. This study aimed at assessing CVD risk factors amongst stroke patients compared with apparently healthy controls. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. One hundred stroke subjects were consecutively recruited and compared with 100 age and sex matched controls. The CVD risk factors assessed were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status (SES), increased age, male gender and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Results: Mean age was 56.4 ± 15.8 years for cases and 54.5 ± 15.4 years for controls (p = 0.39), and 53% of the former and 52% of the latter were males (p = 0.887). The most prevalent CVD risk factor was hypertension, found in 71% of cases and 42% of the controls, (p = 0.01). All heart diseases were found in 70% of cases and 21% of controls (p < 0.001), and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) was the commonest, found in 55% of cases and 18% of controls (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia was found in 53% of cases and 37% of the controls (p = 0.023), diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in 23% of the cases and 6% of the controls (p = 0.01), history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 19% of cases and 1% of the controls (p = 0.01), while atrial fibrillation was found in 9% of cases only. Other risk factors were uncommon. Conclusion: The most frequent CVD risk factors among Nigerians with stroke were systemic hypertension, heart diseases, male sex and dyslipidemia, while HIV and other risk factors were uncommon. Thus medical attention and public enlightenment should focus on the common ones as detected in this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Prospective Community Based Epidemiologic Studies Conductedsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…[30]. However lower prevalence was reported from North Eastern Nigeria [23]. Whites have higher prevalence of TIA as compared with blacks [52].…”

Section: Prospective Community Based Epidemiologic Studies Conductedmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Prospective Community Based Epidemiologic Studies Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Nigerians with Stroke

Yau¹,

Karaye²,

Okeahialam³

2016

WJCS

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“…Regarding hospital-based studies done in individuals without a specified condition, AF was found in 0.7% of patients admitted to the general medical ward in a large study in Kenya (n = 22 144), 20 and in 3% of patients attending general practice in South Africa (n = 9133). 21 The prevalence of AF varied widely, from 1.5% to 28.7% in patients with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and from 6.7% to 34.8% in those specifically with ischemic stroke [22][23][24][25][26] (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in sub‐Saharan Africa

Noubiap

Nyaga²

2019

Cardiovasc electrophysiol

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This systematic review summarizes the data on the prevalence, risk factors, complications, and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Bibliographic databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2019, to identify all published studies providing data on AF in populations living in SSA. A total of 72 studies were included. The community‐based prevalence of AF was 4.3% and 0.7% in individuals aged ≥40 years and aged ≥70 years, respectively. The prevalence of AF ranged between 6.7% and 34.8% in patients with ischemic stroke, between 9.5% and 46.8% in those with rheumatic heart disease (RHD), between 5% and 31.5% in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The main risk factors for AF were hypertension, affecting at least one‐third of patients with AF, and valvular heart disease (12.3%‐44.4%) and cardiomyopathy (~20%). Complications of AF included heart failure in about two thirds and stroke in 10% to 15% of cases. The use of anticoagulation for stroke prevention was suboptimal. Rate control was the most frequent therapeutic strategy, used in approximately 65% to 95% of AF patients, with approximately 80% of them achieving rate control. The management of AF was associated with exorbitant cost. In conclusion, AF seems to have a higher prevalence in the general population than previously thought and is mostly associated with hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and RHD in SSA. It is associated with a high incidence of heart failure and stroke. The management of AF is suboptimal in SSA, especially with a low uptake of oral anticoagulation.

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