Risk factor investigation for cardiovascular health through WHO STEPS approach in Ardabil, Iran

Sadeghi‐Bazargani, Homayoun; Jafarzadeh, H; Fallah, Mahdi; Hekmat, Somayeh Noori; Bashiri, J; Gh, Hosseingolizadeh; Ms, Soltanmohammadzadeh; Mortezazadeh, A; Al-Shehri, Saleh; Danehzan, M; Zohouri, A; Khosravi, O; Nasimidoust, R; Malekpour, Nasser; Kharazmi, Elham; Babaei, Mansour; Nadirmohammadi, M; Mashhadi-Abdollahi, H

doi:10.2147/vhrm.s22727

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The homogenous distribution of H.pylori infection and smoking rates in the control group and their similarity to general residents of the target area allowed them being acceptable representatives of the general population [40]–[41]. Our study does have some limitations, primarily the small number of esophageal adenocarcinoma cases, deficient information on BMI and addressing limited number of environmental risk variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Ghrelin; A New Surrogate Marker of Gastric Mucosal Alterations in Upper Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundA few studies have indicated inverse relationships between serum ghrelin and gastric and esophageal cancers but those associations have been restricted to specific populations, including smokers and overweight individuals. We examined the association between ghrelin and gastroesophageal cancers and atrophic gastritis in a population-based setting.MethodsIn total 220 gastroesophageal cancers, comprising non-cardia and cardia gastric cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and age and gender-matched controls were recruited. Serum ghrelin, pepsinogen I/II ratio (PGI/II) and anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were measured. Relationships between ghrelin and gastroesophageal cancers, after adjustment for PGI/II ratio, H.pylori status and smoking, were tested using logistic regression. Furthermore, in 125 endoscopically normal volunteers, with and without histological atrophic gastritis, the relationship with ghrelin was compared.ResultsSerum ghrelin (lowest vs. highest quintile) was inversely associated with gastric cancer: OR (95% CI) 8.71 (1.70–44.59) for cardia and 6.58 (1.26–34.46) for non-cardia cancer. Lower serum ghrelin was also associated with esophageal SCC: OR (95% CI) 5.69 (1.36–23.78), but not with esophageal adenocarcinoma. A similar association was observed between gastric cancer (cardia and non-cardia) and esophageal SCC when serum ghrelin was analysed as a continuous scaled variable. In endoscopically-normal volunteers, extensive atrophic gastritis was associated with low serum ghrelin [OR (95% CI) 0.25 (0.10–0.64)].ConclusionInverse associations between ghrelin and some gastroesophageal cancers suggest a potential role for serum ghrelin as a biomarker of upper gastrointestinal cancers and atrophic gastritis. In areas with a high incidence of gastric and/or esophageal cancer, screening might be more effectively targeted to individuals with low serum ghrelin in addition to the PGI/II ratio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Ghrelin; A New Surrogate Marker of Gastric Mucosal Alterations in Upper Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis

et al. 2013

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“…As with thefirst two levels, for the third level analysis, valid and reliable data on noncommunicable diseases risk factors were used, including prevalence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, mean body mass index, smoking and hookah smoking, high cholesterol, obesity and overweight, physical inactivity, and the frequency of fish, vegetables, fruits, and fried food in household food basket; these data were gathered per stepwise approach of WHO. [ 7 21 22 23 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive factors of hospital mortality due to myocardial infarction: A multilevel analysis of Iran′s National Data

et al. 2015

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Background:Regarding failure to establish the statistical presuppositions for analysis of the data by conventional approaches, hierarchical structure of the data as well as the effect of higher-level variables, this study was conducted to determine the factors independently associated with hospital mortality due to myocardial infarction (MI) in Iran using a multilevel analysis.Methods:This study was a national, hospital-based, and cross-sectional study. In this study, the data of 20750 new MI patients between April, 2012 and March, 2013 in Iran were used. The hospital mortality due to MI was considered as the dependent variable. The demographic data, clinical and behavioral risk factors at the individual level and environmental data were gathered. Multilevel logistic regression models with Stata software were used to analyze the data.Results:Within 1-year of study, the frequency (%) of hospital mortality within 30 days of admission was derived 2511 (12.1%) patients. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of mortality with (95% confidence interval [CI]) was derived 2.07 (95% CI: 1.5–2.8) for right bundle branch block, 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.7) for ST-segment elevation MI, 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.4) for female gender, and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1–1.3) for humidity, all of which were considered as risk factors of mortality. But, OR of mortality was 0.7 for precipitation (95% CI: 0.7–0.8) and 0.5 for angioplasty (95% CI: 0.4–0.6) were considered as protective factors of mortality.Conclusions:Individual risk factors had independent effects on the hospital mortality due to MI. Variables in the province level had no significant effect on the outcome of MI. Increasing access and quality to treatment could reduce the mortality due to MI.

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“…[ 22 ] These changes are also reported for the other risk factors. [ 23 24 25 ] Effective lifestyle interventions,[ 26 ] high-quality primary health care (PHC) for preventive interventions, and early diagnosis and control diabetes could promote this situation. [ 27 28 29 30 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fasting plasma glucose mortality effect: A comparative risk assessment in 25-64 years old Iranian population

et al. 2016

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Background:High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is one of the main leading risk factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). We estimated population attributable fraction (PAF) and attributed death of these fatal outcomes of high FPG at national and subnational levels in 25–64 years old Iranian adult.Methods:We used national and subnational data of the Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Survey for exposure to risk factors in 2005 and 2011 among Iranian adults of 25–64 years old. For estimating the attributed death, using the death registration system data of Iran, we multiply the cause-specific PAFs by the number of outcome-specific deaths.Results:In Iran, high FPG was responsible for about 31% of attributed total deaths of IHD, stroke, and CKD in 2011. The related attributed deaths had increased from 2005 to 2011. In females, the PAFs for the effect of high FPG on IHD, stroke, and CKD were higher in 2011 than 2005 in all age groups. In males, this increase has occurred in over 45 years old. The highest PAFs of high FPG outcomes mostly related to central provinces of Iran. The central region of Iran had the highest and the southeast of the country had the lowest levels of attributed deaths.Conclusions:Considering the global 25 × 25 targets for noncommunicable disease mortality reduction, high FPG as a leading risk factor of fatal outcomes should be more targeted through the dietary, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions in Iran.

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Risk factor investigation for cardiovascular health through WHO STEPS approach in Ardabil, Iran

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Serum Ghrelin; A New Surrogate Marker of Gastric Mucosal Alterations in Upper Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis

Serum Ghrelin; A New Surrogate Marker of Gastric Mucosal Alterations in Upper Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis

Predictive factors of hospital mortality due to myocardial infarction: A multilevel analysis of Iran′s National Data

High fasting plasma glucose mortality effect: A comparative risk assessment in 25-64 years old Iranian population

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