Risk factor assessment of digital eye strain during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey

Lotfy, Nancy M; Shafik, Heba M.; Nassief, Mona

doi:10.51329/mehdiophthal1455

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The demographic section of the results also declared a significant impact of areas (urban/rural) towards the preference to use anti-glare coating. The finding contrasts with past literature that shows the adoption of such innovative solutions more strongly in urban populations [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Regression Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Eye Strain and Coated Glasses Preference: A Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Study of Urban and Rural Bankers in a Digitally Driven Modern Banking Landscape in Trinidad and Tobago (Preprint)

Ekemiri,

Ezinne,

McKinght

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BACKGROUND The modern workplace requirements in the banking sector require bankers to be working on screens for longer than 6 hours a day, putting much stress and strain on their eyes. Use of anti-glare screens and glasses can elevate the strain on the eyes of the users.Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a serious occupational hazard that needs to be addressed to ensure that the usage of computers in the digital era do not diminish the quality of life of users. However, there is extremely limited research on CVS and its associated factors the Caribbean nations and to the best of our knowledge, no large scale study has been conducted nationally on the prevalence of CVS among bankers in Trinidad. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to highlighht the prevelence extent of CVS in Trinidad and the factors associated with the risk of developing CVS. By investigating the preferences for coated glasses among bankers, the study aimed to explore the various factors influencing these preferences and their implications for improving eye health in the banking sector. Ultimately, it aimed to provide policymakers and researchers with key insights on why and how to manage the underlying factors for CSV to ensure that bankers keep up with the usage of computers. METHODS A self-reported cross-sectional survey strategy was applied to collect data from the sample population between April and June 2021. The collected data was entered on excel worksheets and was later uploaded to SPSS for further analysis. The association between dependent and independent variables were examined using a binary logistic regression. RESULTS The preference of using coated glasses was impacted by rural location as compared to the urban locations. Moreover, factors like source of light in the workplace, previous use of glasses and coating, and taking rest breaks impacted preference to use coated glasses and screens. Furthermore, ocular issues like frequent headaches, blurred vision and eye fatigue also increased the preference to use anti-glare coating. Only the education level among the assessed demographic factors had a significant impact the use of glass coating as the rest were proven to be insignificant. The use of eye sight glass has an impact on the use of coating with a resulted p-value of 0.00 and an AOR of 23.232. The results also depicted that the diseases like diabetes does not impact the decision to use coating with a p-value of 0.905 and AOR of 0.953. The impact of dry eyes has a significant effect on the intention to use anti-glare coatings with a p-value of 0.024 and AOR of 1.694 respectively. Results however demonstrated that bankers in urban areas are hugely aware of the benefits regarding the usage of anti-glare coating compared to the rural area bankers in Trinidad. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that there are many factors that can impact the preference of use of coated glasses. However, there is a low healthcare behavior in bankers of rural areas and organizational support is required to elevate the eye strain and stress caused by long hours of working on the computer screens as compared to the urban areas.

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Section: Regression Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Eye Strain and Coated Glasses Preference: A Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Study of Urban and Rural Bankers in a Digitally Driven Modern Banking Landscape in Trinidad and Tobago (Preprint)

Ekemiri,

Ezinne,

McKinght

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Eye strain is a common ocular symptom in eye clinic patients with normal best-corrected visual acuity [1,2]. It is a growing health problem that has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased screen time from telework and e-learning [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Digital eye strain due to virtual learning and other new technologies is an emerging social burden [4][5][6][7][8] and the prevalence of eye strain has been reported to be as high as 68.5% [5] and 81% [6] among visual terminal display users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a growing health problem that has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased screen time from telework and e-learning [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Digital eye strain due to virtual learning and other new technologies is an emerging social burden [4][5][6][7][8] and the prevalence of eye strain has been reported to be as high as 68.5% [5] and 81% [6] among visual terminal display users. Pavel et al [6] reviewed and discussed numerous contributing factors for modern eye strain, including environmental and work factors, device-related factors, uncorrected refractive errors, ocular surface disorders, blink, and musculoskeletal modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pavel et al [6] reviewed and discussed numerous contributing factors for modern eye strain, including environmental and work factors, device-related factors, uncorrected refractive errors, ocular surface disorders, blink, and musculoskeletal modifications. Lotfy et al [7] conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 412 participants and multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that studenthood and increased nighttime screen use were independent risk factors for digital eye strain by an odds ratio (OR) of 10.60 and 3.99, respectively. Presbyopia also seems to have developed earlier in life during the COVID-19 pandemic probably due to stress and increased digitalization leading to eye strain even in the younger population [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of eye strain with dry eye and retinal thickness

Ayaki,

Kuze,

Negishi

2023

PLoS ONE

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Purpose The purpose of this cohort study was to investigate the association between the prevalence of abnormal ocular examination results and the common visual symptoms of eye strain, blurred vision and photophobia. Methods Consecutive first-visit outpatients with best-corrected visual acuity better than 20/30 in both eyes were enrolled and those with a history of intra-ocular lens implantation and glaucoma were excluded. Dry eye-related examinations and retinal thickness measurement were conducted. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated with logistic regression analyses of ocular data in relation to the presence of visual symptoms. Results A total of 6078 patients (3920 women, mean age 49.0 ± 20.4 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of each symptom was 31.8% for eye strain, 22.5% for blurred vision and 16.0% for photophobia. A significant risk factor for eye strain was short tear break-up time (TBUT) (OR 1.88), superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) (OR 1.44), and thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC) (OR 1.30). Risk factors for blurred vision were short TBUT (OR 1.85), SPK (OR 1.24) and GCC (OR 0.59). Risk factors for photophobia were short TBUT (OR 1.77) and SPK (OR 1.32). Schirmer test value, peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and full macular thickness were not associated with the tested symptoms. Conclusion The current study successfully identified female gender, short TBUT, and SPK as significant risk factors for eye strain, blurred vision, and photophobia with considerable ORs.

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“…The frequency of DES increased among trainees, after the COVID-19 lockdown. However, future randomized trials with face-to-face interviews are required to prove the associated risk factors [ 29 ] .…”

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confidence: 99%