Risk factor analysis for Salmonella contamination of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) hatcheries in Great Britain

Withenshaw, Susan M.; Cawthraw, Shaun; Gosling, Becky; Newton, Kate; Oastler, Claire; Smith, Richard P.; Davies, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105492

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Additional data, such as market share, are limited regarding the actual proportion of RMD fed to dogs in the United Kingdom. However investigation of the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) surveillance data from 2008 to 2018 indicated that the number of production plants registered to produce RMD increased greatly in that time period suggesting a response to increased demand ( Withenshaw et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of Salmonella spp. isolations associated with raw pet food increased up to the year 2018, and this has been linked to a concurrent increase in the number of plants registered to produce RMD ( Withenshaw et al, 2020 ). Between 2014 and 2018, the number of Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 2014 and 2018, the number of Salmonella spp. isolations from RMD sampled by the APHA ranged from 26 to 244 isolations per year, compared to 4–27 isolations per year for cooked commercial kibble-based food, with the highest number of isolations occurring in both RMD and cooked kibble in 2018 ( Withenshaw et al, 2020 ). In addition, in 2017 a cluster of human cases of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli O157:H7 in the United Kingdom was epidemiologically linked to the provision of contaminated RMD containing tripe ( Kaindama et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

Morgan,

Pinchbeck,

Taymaz

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Raw meat diets (RMD) for dogs are an increasingly popular alternative pet food choice, however studies worldwide have demonstrated them to be contaminated with zoonotic and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, including bacteria resistant to critically important antibiotics. Despite this, few data exist surrounding the presence of these bacteria in RMD in the United Kingdom. The present study aimed to identify the most commonly selected RMD and non-raw diets (NRMD) by United Kingdom dog owners. Additionally, it investigated the presence of AMR-Enterobacteriaceae in samples of pre-prepared RMD and cooked commercial kibble dog foods. An online survey investigating diet preferences of United Kingdom dog owners was open for 6 weeks between February–March 2020. From this, the top 10 brands of pre-prepared raw and cooked kibble diets were ascertained and 134 samples purchased (110 RMD, 24 kibble) and subjected to microbiological testing. Bacterial enumeration of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae was undertaken, and the presence of Salmonella spp. and AMR-E. coli within samples determined. Whole genome sequencing was undertaken on Salmonella spp. and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant 3GCR-E. coli isolates. Pre-prepared RMD was most commonly selected by dog owners who fed RMD, and cooked commercial complete dry food was most frequently fed by owners who fed NRMD. Damaged and leaking packaging was observed in samples of RMD, alongside variability in information provided surrounding product traceability. Counts of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae exceeding >5,000 CFU/g were identified in samples of RMD. AMR-, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and 3GCR-E. coli was isolated from 39, 14 and 16% of RMD samples, respectively. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in 3GCR-E. coli isolates. Of the ESBL encoding genes, blaCTX-M-15 was most commonly identified. S. enterica was isolated from 5% of RMD samples. No Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from any of the cooked kibble samples. The present study suggests that pre-prepared RMD available for dogs in the United Kingdom can be contaminated with zoonotic and AMR-Enterobacteriaceae. RMDs, therefore, are potentially an important One Health concern. Veterinary and medical professionals, pet food retailers and pet owners should be aware of these risks; and stringent hygiene measures should be practiced if owners choose to feed RMD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

Morgan,

Pinchbeck,

Taymaz

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Factors that may influence the risk of Salmonella contamination include the size (i.e. production volume) of the hatchery (Volkova et al., 2011; Withenshaw et al., 2021), the standard of hatchery hygiene management (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards et al, 2019), the Salmonella status of the supplying breeder flock(s) (Sivaramalingam et al., 2013) and the periodic purchase of imported eggs to satisfy peaks in demand (Racicot et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the distribution and control of Salmonella in commercial broiler hatcheries in Great Britain

Oastler

Nichols

Newton

et al. 2022

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Salmonella can enter hatcheries via contaminated eggs and other breaches of biosecurity. The study examined the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella in commercial hatcheries and assessed the effects of providing advice on Salmonella control. Intensive swab sampling was performed throughout 23 broiler hatcheries in Great Britain (GB). Swabs were cultured using a modified ISO6579:2017 method. After each visit, tailored advice on biosecurity and cleaning and disinfection procedures was provided to the hatchery managers. Repeat sampling was carried out in 10 of the 23 hatcheries. Salmonella prevalence ranged between 0% and 33.5%, with the chick handling areas, hatcher areas, macerator area, tray wash/storage areas, external areas and other waste handling areas being more contaminated than the setter areas. Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella 13,23:i:‐ were the most commonly isolated serovars. There was a reduction in Salmonella prevalence at the second visit in eight out of 10 premises, but prevalence values had increased again in all of the improved hatcheries that were visited a third time. One hatchery harboured a difficult‐to‐control resident Salmonella 13,23:i:‐ strain and was visited six times; by the final visit, Salmonella prevalence was 2.3%, reduced from a high of 23.1%. In conclusion, the study found low‐level Salmonella contamination in some GB broiler hatcheries, with certain hatcheries being more severely affected. Furthermore, it was shown that Salmonella typically is difficult to eradicate from contaminated hatcheries, but substantial reductions in prevalence are possible with improvements to biosecurity, cleaning and disinfection.

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“…The influence of the environment, including shed, feed, insects, dust or exposure to the free range, on the intestinal colonisation of poultry was highly investigated in studies aiming to identify the sources of poultry pathogen colonisation and possible control. For example, the colonisation routes of Campylobacter [ 23 , 24 ], Salmonella [ 25 , 26 ], or Escherichia [ 27 ] are well described in poultry, and they represent the basis of on-farm biosecurity ( Figure 1 ). Early exposure to pathogens can have long-term consequences, while colonisation with commensal microbiota can result in pathogen colonisation resistance [ 28 ].…”

Section: Gut Colonisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed Safety and the Development of Poultry Intestinal Microbiota

Stanley

Bajagai²

2022

Animals

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The first feed offered to young chicks is likely the most important meal in their life. The complex gut colonisation process is determined with early exposure and during the first days of life before the microbial community is formed. Therefore, providing access to high-quality feed and an environment enriched in the beneficial and deprived of pathogenic microorganisms during this period is critical. Feed often carries a complex microbial community that can contain major poultry pathogens and a range of chemical contaminants such as heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides and herbicides, which, although present in minute amounts, can have a profound effect on the development of the microbial community and have a permanent effect on bird’s overall health and performance. The magnitude of their interference with gut colonisation in livestock is yet to be determined. Here, we present the animal feed quality issues that can significantly influence the microbial community development, thus severely affecting the bird’s health and performance.

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Risk factor analysis for Salmonella contamination of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) hatcheries in Great Britain

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

Observations on the distribution and control of Salmonella in commercial broiler hatcheries in Great Britain

Feed Safety and the Development of Poultry Intestinal Microbiota

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