Risk-Compensation Behavior in Children

Pless, Ivan Barry; Magdalinos, Helen; Hagel, Brent

doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.6.610

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One important limitation of the studies by both researchers is that most are laboratory based and thus inconclusive with respect to their real-life implications. In contrast, another study based on actual interviews following an injury, provides no support for RCT [24].…”

Section: Child-related Examplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Risk Compensation: Revisited and Rebutted

Pless

2016

Safety

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This Commentary addresses the ongoing disagreements between many safety advocates who endorse traditional models of prevention and those who oppose them, arguing that safety measures are offset by risk compensation (RCT). The debate is especially heated with respect to regulatory or legislative prevention measures. After explaining the rationale behind risk compensation (aka risk homeostasis theory) (RHT), I provide examples of RCT studies to explain why I believe they should be rejected. The main basis for my rebuttal, however, rests on data that show steady declines in unintentional injury mortality, which, according to RCT, should not have occurred. There are many other reasons for rejecting this theory, and it seems that the time has come for the debate to finally be concluded.

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Section: Child-related Examplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Risk Compensation: Revisited and Rebutted

Pless

2016

Safety

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“…This theory, which was popularized by Wilde, 90 has obvious implications for sportinjury prevention, particularly for the development of protective equipment. Although there is no empirical evidence that risk compensation affects injury rates with protective equipment use in intercollegiate ice hockey, 91 skiing and snowboarding, 92 or other children's activities, 93 there is some evidence for reported behavior change with protective-equipment use in children's activities. 94 In fact, a recent study revealed that children reacted to wearing safety gear by showing both greater speed and increased recklessness in behavior.…”

Section: Who Should Be Responsible For the Prevention Of Injury In Yomentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury Prevention in Child and Adolescent Sport: Whose Responsibility Is It?

Emery¹,

Hagel²,

Morrongiello³

2006

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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“…Using disposition as a general proxy of injury severity, 28 these data demonstrate that most ED patients received treatment for their alcohol-related injuries and this proportion increased with age (Fig. 2).…”

Section: ; 11 (4) 333mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…35 Nonetheless, past CHIRPP studies 28,35 have found the data to be of high quality, with only minor systematic errors in data capture. Despite these recognized limitations, the CHIRPP data set offers a novel look at alcohol-related injury patterns, and, if anything, provides a conservative estimate of the burden of alcoholrelated injury among Canadian youth.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of injuries to adolescents and young adults related to substance use: data from Canadian emergency departments

Black

Asbridge

Lea

2009

CJEM

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Objective: Alcohol is a significant risk factor for injury, and is one of the leading causes of death, disability and premature mortality among young Canadians. This paper provides an overview of alcohol-related injury among adolescents and young adults presenting to Canadian emergency departments (EDs). Methods: We reviewed records from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program database during the 4-year period between 2000 and 2003. We included individuals younger than 25 years who presented to EDs in 11 pediatric and general hospitals with injuries for which alcohol, either alone or in conjunction with drugs, was recorded as a contributing factor. We examined key socio-demographic and injury-related factors associated with alcohol and drugrelated injuries, including intent and disposition. Results: Alcohol was identified as a factor in 2389 injuries during this 4-year period; 408 (17%) of these cases also involved drug use. Approximately 55% of these patients were male and the majority was between 15 and 19 years of age. Unintentional injuries were the most common presentation, self-harm injuries were more common among female patients and violence-related injuries were more common among male patients. Most patients received treatment for their injuries. However, as age increased, outcome differences were observed between sexes. Conclusion: Alcohol-related injuries are increasing among Canadian youth. These findings highlight the importance of obtaining thorough drug and alcohol histories and measurement, when appropriate, for adolescents and young adults presenting to EDs with injuries.

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Risk-Compensation Behavior in Children

Abstract: Results of this study provide no support for hypotheses about risk homeostasis theory among children using PE. The validity of the theory appears highly doubtful for children in this age range.

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Risk Compensation: Revisited and Rebutted

Risk Compensation: Revisited and Rebutted

Injury Prevention in Child and Adolescent Sport: Whose Responsibility Is It?

An overview of injuries to adolescents and young adults related to substance use: data from Canadian emergency departments

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