Risk-Benefit Assessment of Hog Mandibular Lymph Node Incision at Slaughter in Canada

Ravel, André; Sidibé, Boubacar Yoro; Moreau, Pascal; Bisaillon, Jean-Robert

doi:10.5539/jfr.v4n6p1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, these authors also identify a lack of knowledge regarding cross‐contamination during the traditional pig carcass inspection and indicate that this information is needed. Furthermore, Ravel et al . discuss that during the traditional inspection system, cross‐contamination can occur between the lymph nodes and other parts of the same carcass or even between consecutive carcasses, but the cross‐contamination level has not been described so far …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Stochastic Model to Assess the Effect of Meat Inspection Practices on the Contamination of the Pig Carcasses

et al. 2016

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The objective of meat inspection is to promote animal and public health by preventing, detecting, and controlling hazards originating from animals. With the improvements of sanitary level in pig herds, the hazards profile has shifted and the inspection procedures no longer target major foodborne pathogens (i.e., not risk based). Additionally, carcass manipulations performed when searching for macroscopic lesions can lead to cross-contamination. We therefore developed a stochastic model to quantitatively describe cross-contamination when consecutive carcasses are submitted to classic inspection procedures. The microbial hazard used to illustrate the model was Salmonella, the data set was obtained from Brazilian slaughterhouses, and some simplifying assumptions were made. The model predicted that due to cross-contamination during inspection, the prevalence of contaminated carcass surfaces increased from 1.2% to 95.7%, whereas the mean contamination on contaminated surfaces decreased from 1 logCFU/cm² to -0.87 logCFU/cm², and the standard deviations decreased from 0.65 to 0.19. These results are explained by the fact that, due to carcass manipulations with hands, knives, and hooks, including the cutting of contaminated lymph nodes, Salmonella is transferred to previously uncontaminated carcasses, but in small quantities. These small quantities can easily go undetected during sampling. Sensitivity analyses gave insight into the model performance and showed that the touching and cutting of lymph nodes during inspection can be an important source of carcass contamination. The model can serve as a tool to support discussions on the modernization of pig carcass inspection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Ravel et al . discuss that during the traditional inspection system, cross‐contamination can occur between the lymph nodes and other parts of the same carcass or even between consecutive carcasses, but the cross‐contamination level has not been described so far …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Model to Assess the Effect of Meat Inspection Practices on the Contamination of the Pig Carcasses

et al. 2016

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Implementation of Visual-Only Swine Inspection in the European Union: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned

Riess

Hoelzer

2020

Journal of Food Protection

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Consumption of contaminated meat and poultry products is a major source of foodborne illness in the United States and globally. Meat inspection procedures, established more than a hundred years ago to detect prevailing food safety issues of the time and largely harmonized around the world, do not effectively detect modern hazards and may inadvertently increase food safety risks by spreading contamination across carcasses. Visual-only inspection (VOI) is a modernized meat inspection system that is data-driven and minimizes physical manipulation of the carcass during inspection. It was developed based on scientific evidence and risk assessment and aims to better control current food safety hazards. In 2014, the European Union (EU) became the first supranational government in the world to require VOI for all swine herds slaughtered in Member States that met certain epidemiologic and animal rearing conditions. Here, we review the implementation of this new inspection system with the goal of informing similar modernization efforts in other countries and for other commodities beyond pork. This article reports the results of a literature review and interviews conducted with nine experts in 2018 on the implementation of the EU’s 2014 VOI regulation. Challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned about the implementation of the regulation are described for audiences interested in adapting inspection procedures to prevent and detect modern food safety hazards. Overall, implementation of VOI varies within and across Member States, and among slaughterhouses of different sizes. This variation is due to disease risk patterns, supply chain conditions, and trade barriers. Before transitioning to a similar risk-based inspection system, other countries should consider science-based research agendas to identify what information best predicts herd health and foodborne hazards, regulatory system design that reflects local hazards, and development of targeted VOI educational materials.

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Risk-Benefit Assessment of Hog Mandibular Lymph Node Incision at Slaughter in Canada

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

A Stochastic Model to Assess the Effect of Meat Inspection Practices on the Contamination of the Pig Carcasses

A Stochastic Model to Assess the Effect of Meat Inspection Practices on the Contamination of the Pig Carcasses

Implementation of Visual-Only Swine Inspection in the European Union: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons Learned

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