Risk-based assessment of the post-earthquake functional disruption and restoration of distributed infrastructure systems

Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Systematic Literature Review of Measurement Frameworks

“…For instance, if there is an alternate arrangement for water (by truck) and the transport infrastructure fails, then other systems also collapse [28]. Moreover, the restoration process of critical services in the aftermath of hazards is important for providing effective performance for the other critical infrastructure [66,67].…”

“…The assessment of system functionality included the key attributes of infrastructure such as materials, age, and construction method. × × Iuliis et al [27] × × Devendiran et al [32] × × Lo et al [33] × × Harirchian and Lahmer [65] × Tomar et al [66,67] × Kammouh et al [26] × Anwar et al [35] × × Aslani et al [68] × Whitworth et al [69] Merschman et al [70] × Ranjbar and Naderpour [36] × × Chen et al [71] × Kameshwar et al [28] × × × × Koc et al [72] × × Mazumder et al [34] × × Hayat [73] × × Sun et al [74] × Yu et al [37] × × Wang et al [75] × Rowell and Goodchild [76] × Liu et al [29] × × Hadigheh et al [24] × × Farahmandfar et al [38] × × ×…”

“…During the hazard phase, they need to focus on emergency management plans (e.g., short-recovery, warning systems, and temporary shelters). Finally, during the post-disaster phase, they should focus on short-term and long-term recovery of critical infrastructure services [31,48,67,116,117]. Thus this proposed framework is adaptable for the user to select the most appropriate tool and a method for application based on the user requirements [118,119].…”

Performance of Water Supply Lines in a Post-Earthquake Scenario

“…The Cabinet Office, Government of Japan [6] released details of the 1995 Kobe (Japan) earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.2 (on Richter scale) with 6437 fatalities and missing persons and seriously damaged major lifelines such as bridges, roads, and subways, Sichuan (China) earthquake in 2008 which had a magnitude of 7.9 (on Richter scale), claimed 80,000 lives and damage to infrastructures due to landslides and soil liquefaction [7], Ludian (China) in 2014 which had a 6.1-magnitude (on Richter scale) claimed 600 lives and damage to lifelines and property, Kathmandu (Nepal) in 2015 with 7.8-magnitude (on Richter scale) earthquake killed 9,000 people and severely damaging lifeline system [8] Chiapas (Mexico) 8.2-magnitude (on Richter scale) earthquake in 2017 with 61 persons killed and large scale destruction due to landslides [9]. Recently, many studies have been performed based on post earthquake scenario like performance assessment of Salyankot water supply project in nepal [10], risk-based assessment of infrastructure system [11,12], firefighting capacity evaluation of water distribution system [13], collective action in post-earthquake Nepal [14], estimation of restoration time of power and telecommunication lifelines [15], assessment of functionality of buildings [16], restoration of water system using discrete-event simulation [17].…”