Risk-associated factors associated with the bovine viral diarrhea virus in dromedary camels, sheep, and goats in abattoir surveillance and semi-closed herd system

Al-Mubarak, Abdullah I. A.; Hussen, Jamal; Kandeel, Mahmoud; Al-Kubati, Anwar A. G.; Falemban, Baraa; Sheikh, Abdullah; Hemida, Maged Gomaa

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2022.1924-1931

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the prevalence of AEV among the tested locations as previously described [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian encephalomyelitis virus in backyard chickens

Al-Mubarak,

Hussen,

Kandee

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Avian viral diseases usually cause high economic losses because of high morbidity and mortality and poor growth. The rearing of chickens in backyards could have an important role in the spread of certain diseases, particularly those of viral origin. Infected birds might be prone to many viral infections for several reasons, including a lack of vaccination programs, the mixing of different bird species in the same location, and the close interactions of these birds with wild and migratory birds carrying various pathogens. This study aimed to conduct serological surveillance of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) in some backyard chickens in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Serum samples (n = 368) were collected from domestic chickens reared in 10 backyards in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. None of the domestic birds in these 10 backyards were vaccinated against the virus. In addition, 78 serum samples were collected from free-ranging birds belonging to Columbidae, such as pigeons and doves, in common areas near the domestic backyards. We tested these sera for specific antibodies against AEV. Results: Our results revealed seroconversion to AEV among the examined chickens (14.6%). None of the tested pigeons and doves displayed seroconversion to AEV. Conclusion: Seroconversion of these non-vaccinated birds against AEV was suggestive of a recent natural infection by this virus. Further studies with a large number of birds are required to molecularly characterize the circulating strains of this virus in this area. Keywords: antibody, avian encephalomyelitis virus, backyard, chicken, encephalomyelitis virus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, seroprevalence, the prevalence, wild birds.

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“…We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the prevalence of AEV among the tested locations as previously described [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood specimens were obtained from the wing veins of domestic and wild birds as previously described [18][19][20]. Serum was obtained from the blood samples and stored at −20℃ for serologic testing.…”

Section: Sample Collection From Chickens and Wild Free-range Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian encephalomyelitis virus in backyard chickens

Al-Mubarak,

Hussen,

Kandee

et al. 2023

Vet World

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“…Similarly, a seroprevalence of 26% in Saudi Arabia and 35% in both Saudi Arabia and Oman was previously reported ( 27 – 30 ). Our previous serosurveillance of BVDV on non-bovine species of animals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia showed seroprevalence of 4.5% in camels and 3.5% in goats, whereas none of the tested sheep sera were positive for anti-BVDV antibody, while AC-ELISA showed none of the tested samples was BVDV-positive ( 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022

Al-Mubarak,

Al-Kubati,

Skeikh

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) brings great economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Developing a control/prevention strategy requires the prior assessment of certain epidemiological parameters. To determine the BVD incidence rate and associated risk factors, a dairy cattle herd in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia was monitored between 2020 and 2022.MethodsNasal swabs (n = 190), rectal swabs (n = 190), and sera (n = 190) were collected from 79 cows in this herd. Collected sera and swabs were tested using the commercially available ELISAs for the BVDV antibodies and antigens, respectively. Collected sera were also tested for the presence of BVDV nucleic acids using commercial real-time RT-PCR kits.Results and discussionOur data show BVDV seroprevalence (18.8%, 15%, and 8.2%) in the tested animals in 2020–2022, respectively. None of the collected nasal swabs, rectal swabs, or sera tested positive for the BVDV antigen, whereas 10.1%, 10%, and 18.1% of the tested sera were positive for BVDV nucleic acid in 2020–2022, respectively. The incidence rate was estimated at 0.02446 new cases/year despite the detection of BVDV in seronegative animals on single or two occasions at ≥6-month intervals. Young calves and bulls remained apparently unexposed to BVDV despite their presence with BVDV-infected females, with no significant physical separation. Both seropositivity and nucleic acid detectability showed significant positive and negative correlations, respectively, with reproductive performance. Collectively, the present study provides useful clues about the transmissibility of BVDV in the presence of possibly persistently infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of BVDV in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Further detailed characterization of the circulating BVDVs is encouraged.

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“…In Egypt, BVD is prevalent among domestic ruminants such as sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes [22,23]; however, few studies have reported the BVDV infection in camels but in few governorates without assessment of risk factors for the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Egypt

Selim,

Marzok,

Abdelhady

et al. 2024

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease that affects ruminants globally, including camels, and causing significant financial losses. The epidemiology of BVD in camels in Egypt are not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-BVD virus (BVDV) antibodies in camels and identify the potential variables associated with the infection. A total of 400 camel sera from three Egyptian governorates were examined using commercial ELISA kit. The total seroprevalence was 4.8% in examined camels and the BVDV seropositivity were more prevalent in camels from Giza governorate. The highest seropositivity was found in aged camels more than 8 years (OR = 8.62, 95%CI: 1.03–71.87), camels from herd size less than 30 (OR = 4.20, 95%CI: 0.89–19.78), previously aborted animals (OR = 5.98, 95%CI: 2.12–16.92), and in animals kept in contact with sheep or goats (OR = 7.48, 95%CI: 2.56–21.86). Consequently, the camels may be a significant source of BVD infection for other ruminant animals in the same herd due to their susceptibility to the viral infection.

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Risk-associated factors associated with the bovine viral diarrhea virus in dromedary camels, sheep, and goats in abattoir surveillance and semi-closed herd system

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Avian encephalomyelitis virus in backyard chickens

Avian encephalomyelitis virus in backyard chickens

A longitudinal study of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a semi-closed management dairy cattle herd, 2020–2022

Serosurvey and Associated Risk Factors for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Egypt

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