Risk assessment of the lead intake by consumption of red deer and wild boar meat in Southern Spain

Morales, Jesus Sevillano; Moreno-Rojas, Rafael; Pérez‐Rodríguez, Fernando; Casas, Antonio Trapero; López, Manuel Ángel Amaro

doi:10.1080/19440049.2011.583282

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Similar observations have been made in comparable studies performed in other countries (Burger 2002;Lazarus et al 2008). Overall, the rates of consumption of WB meat found in our study were similar to the levels reported for hunters and their families in a recent Spanish study (Morales et al 2011), with the exception of the right-end values (e.g., from the 95th percentile to the maximum), which were greater in our study.…”

Section: Consumption Of Locally Hunted Wild Boar Productssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For instance, the mean meat contamination data from seven Croatian hunting areas ranged from 0.028 up to 0.150 mg Pb kg -1 ww, with pooled data ranging from 0.001 to 1.01 mg Pb kg -1 ww (Bilandžić et al 2010). Although comparisons are sometimes difficult because of differences in data manipulation, our results for lead fall within the range of values found in the surveyed literature, with the exception of the highest values reported by some investigators (Morales et al 2011;Taggart et al 2011). In those studies, lead levels in WB were most likely caused by lead dispersion into the animal body mass after bullet fragmentation (Hunt et al 2009).…”

Section: /2006 For Pigs and Other Farmed Species (European Commissupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Harvesting WB by hunting has also increased (Geisser and Reyer 2004;Bieber and Ruf 2005) in the last decades, thus increasing the amount of WB meat available for human consumption (Ramanzin et al 2010). Although some countries, such as Scotland, Austria (Winkelmayer and Paulson 2008) and Spain (Morales et al 2011), have an established game meat market, the majority of this meat is consumed in the home in other European countries. In Italy, game meat is not subjected to the food safety controls outlined in Regulation (EC) 853/2004(European Parliament 2004 because most of it is consumed in domestic settings or is supplied in small amounts directly and untraceably to the final consumers and local retailers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk-assessment studies indicate that health risks related to heavy-metal exposure are greater for hunter populations than for the general populace. For instance, Morales et al (2011) recently found that Spanish hunters may be exposed to lead at levels of [224 % of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) established by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Heath Organization (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization 2000). This value is in addition to the amount already taken in by way of other food items, such as drinking water and air (European Food Safety Authority [EFSA] 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium in Large Game: A Local-Scale Exposure Assessment for Hunters Consuming Meat and Liver of Wild Boar

Danieli

Serrani

Primi

et al. 2012

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Heavy metals are ubiquitous in soil, water, and air. Their entrance into the food chain is an important environmental issue that entails risks to humans. Several reports indicate that game meat can be an important source of heavy metals, particularly because of the increasing consumption of game meat, mainly by hunters. We performed an exposure assessment of hunters and members of their households, both adults and children, who consumed wild boar (WB) meat and offal. We estimated the amount of cadmium, lead, and chromium in the tissues of WB hunted in six areas within Viterbo Province (Italy) and gathered data on WB meat and offal consumption by conducting specific diet surveys in the same areas. The exposure to cadmium, lead, and chromium was simulated with specifically developed Monte Carlo simulation models. Cadmium and lead levels in WB liver and meat harvested in Viterbo Province (Italy) were similar to or lower than the values reported in other studies. However, some samples contained these metals at levels greater then the EU limits set for domestic animals. The chromium content of meat or liver cannot be evaluated against any regulatory limit, but our results suggest that the amounts of this metal found in WB products may reflect a moderate environmental load. Our survey of the hunter population confirmed that their consumption of WB meat and liver was greater than that of the general Italian population. This level of consumption was comparable with other European studies. Consumption of WB products contributes significantly to cadmium and lead exposure of both adults and children. More specifically, consumption of the WB liver contributed significantly to total cadmium and lead exposure of members of the households of WB hunters. As a general rule, liver consumption should be kept to a minimum, especially for children living in these hunter households. The exposure to chromium estimated for this population of hunters may be considered to be safe. However, a specific and complete assessment of chromium speciation in relevant dietary and environmental situations should be conducted.

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Section: Consumption Of Locally Hunted Wild Boar Productssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: /2006 For Pigs and Other Farmed Species (European Commissupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium in Large Game: A Local-Scale Exposure Assessment for Hunters Consuming Meat and Liver of Wild Boar

Danieli

Serrani

Primi

et al. 2012

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Although consumption of game meat in the general population within Spain (and elsewhere in Europe) is generally low, it can be significant among hunters, their families and their social group (Sevillano Morales et al, 2011). Unlike in the USA, wild game meat in Spain (and other EU countries) can be/is widely sold and is available on the menus of restaurants.…”

Section: Risk For Human Consumersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Pb poisoning in birds and Pb exposure in game meat consumers: The dual benefit of effective Pb shot regulation

Mateo

Vallverdú-Coll

López-Antia

et al. 2014

Environment International

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The use of lead (Pb) ammunition in the form of shot pellets has been identified as a Pb exposure risk in wildlife and their human consumers. We explore the hypothesis that Pb shot ban enforcement reduces the risk of avian Pb poisoning as well as Pb exposure in game meat consumers. We assessed compliance with a partial ban on Pb shot commencing in 2003 by examination of 937 waterbirds harvested by hunters between 2007 and 2012 in the Ebro delta (Spain). Prevalence of Pb shot ingestion was determined, as were Pb concentrations in liver and muscle tissue to evaluate the potential for Pb exposure in game meat consumers. Hunted birds with only embedded Pb shot (no steel) declined from 26.9% in 2007-08 to b2% over the following three hunting seasons after ban reinforcement. Pb shot ingestion in mallards decreased from a pre-ban value of 30.2% to 15.5% in the post-ban period. Liver Pb levels were predominantly defined by the presence of ingested shot, whereas muscle levels were defined by the presence of both ingested and embedded shot. Only 2.5% of mallard muscle tissue had Pb levels above European Union regulations for meat (0.1 μg/g wet weight) in the 2008-09 season, when Pb shot ingestion prevalence was also at a minimum (5.1%). Effective restrictions in Pb ammunition use have a dual benefit since this reduces Pb exposure for game meat consumers due to embedded ammunition as well as reducing Pb poisoning in waterbirds.

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Influence of Ingestion of Game Meat on Blood Concentration of Lead in Southern Germany: A Pilot Study

Wepler

Schreckenberg

Paul

et al. 2022

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Consumption of game meat may exert additional lead exposure with potential health risks. The purpose of the present pilot study was to determine blood lead concentration in game meat and no game meat consumers in southern Germany. Concentration of lead in blood (µg·L− 1) was significantly higher in game meat consumers (n = 190; 21.3 [20.0; 29.7]) compared to study participants consuming no game meat (n = 74; 20.0 [20.0; 20.0], p < 0.0001). In study participants with no game meat consumption, blood lead concentration was significantly higher in those who perform active hunting (80.3 [50.5; 110.0]) as well as active shooting (80.3 [50.5; 110.0]) than in those with no hunting or shooting activities (20.0 [20.0; 20.0], p < 0.01). In conclusion, game meat consumers as well as active hunters and shooters should take in to account their potential for an increased lead exposure and the corresponding health risks.

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Risk assessment of the lead intake by consumption of red deer and wild boar meat in Southern Spain

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium in Large Game: A Local-Scale Exposure Assessment for Hunters Consuming Meat and Liver of Wild Boar

Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium in Large Game: A Local-Scale Exposure Assessment for Hunters Consuming Meat and Liver of Wild Boar

Reducing Pb poisoning in birds and Pb exposure in game meat consumers: The dual benefit of effective Pb shot regulation

Influence of Ingestion of Game Meat on Blood Concentration of Lead in Southern Germany: A Pilot Study

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