Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin affected by human activities (Abu Qir Bay, Egypt)

Khairy, Mohammed A.; Kolb, Marit; Mostafa, Alaa R.; El-Fiky, A.A.; Bahadir, Müfit

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.084

Cited by 105 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Comparing the same 8 PAHs analysed in this study (Ant, BaP, BgP, BbF, BkF, DBA, Flu y BaA) with other investigations, the total PAHs concentration is significantly lower than those recently reported by M.A. Khairy et al (2009) in mussels from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt (190-1480 g/kg d.w. in mussels Mactra corallina and 11-2216 g/kg d.w. in mussels Tapes decussate), slightly lower than those found by Palma-Flemming et al (2004) in mussels from Chile (65-70 g/kg d.w.) and similar to that reported by Grandby and Spill (1999) Baumard et al, 1999). Mussels collected on the Cantabrian coasts (before the Prestige oil spill) showed in several zones concentrations below 50 g/kg d.w. which according to Soriano et al (2006) can be considered the background pollution in the region while in other zones values above 200 g/kg d.w. were found which according to these authors reflected the vicinity of certain urban or industrial hydrocarbons sources.…”

Section: Pahs Results In Mussels and Clamssupporting

confidence: 66%

Alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Mediterranean Spanish coastal marine bivalves

Bouzas

Aguado

Martí

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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This paper reports the first results on alkylphenol pollution in edible bivalves from the Spanish coast. Two sampling campaigns (July 2006 and July 2007) were carried out to determine the concentration of nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and eight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wild mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialys) and clams (Donax trunculus) at 14 sampling sites along the eastern Mediterranean Spanish coast. The results show that NP is the predominant alkylphenol, being the port of Valencia the most polluted area (up to 147 g/kg wet weight in clams). Moving away from the ports the concentration of NP in bivalves decreased. OP concentration was below its detection limit in most of the studied areas and its maximum concentration (6 g/kg w.w.) was measured in clams from the port of Sagunto. The presence of low levels of PAHs was observed in most of the studied areas. The total PAHs concentration (i.e. sum of the 8 measured PAHs) achieved a maximum value of 10.09 g/kg w.w. in the north coast of Valencia city. The distribution pattern of the individual PAHs showed that both pollution sources petrogenic and pyrolytic were present in the sampled areas. Fluoranthene was the most abundant PAH in mussels while benzo(b)fluoranthene in clams. The maximum concentration of 10 µg/kg w.w. for benzo(a)pyrene established by the European Commission was never reached, indeed sampled bivalves showed concentrations 10 times lower than this reference value. Thus, they can be considered safe for human consumption. Despite the low contamination levels, the results show an overall pollution of bivalves by alkylphenol and PAHs as well as an increment in the number of polluted areas from 2006 to 2007. Thus, periodical sampling campaigns should be carried out to monitor the long-term tendency of these toxic and persistent pollutants.

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Section: Pahs Results In Mussels and Clamssupporting

confidence: 66%

Alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Mediterranean Spanish coastal marine bivalves

Bouzas

Aguado

Martí

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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“…PAHs of molecular mass 178, 202 and 258 are commonly used to distinguish between pyrogenic (combustion-derived) and petrogenic (unburned petroleum-derived) sources. In addition, Phenanthrene/Anthracene (m/z 178), Fluorantene/Pyrene (m/z 202) and Benz[a]Anthracene/Chrysene (m/z 258) have been previously used by some works (Khairy et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2006). Because of their usefulness in source identification, the use of PAHs as a chemical proxy may provide better understanding of huge terrigenous sediments caused by the rare events such as the withdrawal of tsunami waves.…”

Section: Tipmanee Et Al: Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a chemical proxy to indicate Tsunami 2004 backwash in Khao Lak coastal area, Thailand

Tipmanee

Deelaman

Pongpiachan

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In this study, we attempted to use PAHs as a chemical proxy to trace the transport of land-derived materials caused by the tsunami backwash to better understand how it may have affected the distribution of sedimentary deposition throughout the seabed of Khao Lak coastal areas. By analyzing the compositions of sedimentary PAHs in combination with application of the multivariate descriptive statistical techniques, PAHs were proven to be a promising chemical proxy to indicate the tsunami backwash in the study area. Their spatial distribution could indicate that the tsunami backwash plays an important role in transporting anthropogenic PAHs to the nearby coastal area as far as approximately 25 km from the shoreline. In addition, the results from diagnostic PAH isomer ratios suggested that road paving asphalt, originated from heavy erosion by the tsunami wave in front of Pakarang Cape, was among the identified sources of PAHs. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) results provided 2 estimated land-derived sources of PAHs, which were the road dust and oil burning sources. These estimated signature sources clearly support our hypothesis that PAHs were transported from the potential sources on land and deposited into the near-shore seabed during tsunami backwash.

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“…Data from these studies showed that most areas of Lake Maryut are heavily contaminated. Although few studies in recent years have examined PAH levels in soils and coastal sediments from Egypt (Barakat et al 2001;Mostafa et al 2003;El Nemr et al 2007;Khairy et al 2009), there is limited information available on the distribution and sources of PAHs in this important ecosystem. This study is the first attempt to investigate the current status of PAHs contamination in sediments of Lake Maryut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments from Lake Maryut, Alexandria, Egypt

Barakat

Mostafa

Wade

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Surface and core sediments from Lake Maryut, Egypt, one of the most polluted lakes in Egypt, were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This investigation represents the first extensive study of the distribution and sources of PAHs in sediments from Lake Maryut. The total PAHs concentrations (sum of 39 PAH compounds) in surface sediments varied greatly depending on the sampling location and ranged from 106 to 57,800 ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 6,950 ng/g. The most polluted areas are distributed in areas which are mainly influenced by municipal sewage and industrial effluent discharges, suggesting a direct influence of these sources on the pollutant distribution patterns. PAH concentrations were one to two orders of magnitude higher in comparison with those reported for riverine/ estuaries systems around the world. Molecular indices, such as pyrogenic index (PI), methylphenanthrenes to phenanthrene ratio, HMW PAH /LMW PAH , A-PAHs/PPAHs, FL/FL+PY, BaP/BaP+C, IP/IP+BgP, and Per/ ∑(penta-aromatics) were calculated to evaluate different hydrocarbon origins and their relative importance. In general, sediments from the main basin and northwest basin of Lake Maryut showed the highest PAH concentrations with petrogenic signatures, indicating major sources of petrogenic PAHs in the city. On the other hand, lower levels of PAHs with a pyrogenic signature were widely recorded in areas that are distant from anthropogenic sources. At other locations, both petrogenic and pyrogenic inputs were significant. The concentrations of perylene relative to the penta-aromatic isomers are dominant especially in locations associated with terrestrial inputs and in the deepest core sediments, indicating diagenetic origin for the presence of perylene. Temporal trends of PAH concentrations in both cores sediments were influenced by input pathways and followed the economic development and the environmental policies of the Egyptian Government in the last 15 years. Finally, PAH levels in sediments were compared with Sediments Quality Guidelines (effects range median-effects range low) for evaluation probable toxic effects on organism. Results suggest an ecotoxicological risk for benthic organisms mainly in the main basin area, where high concentrations of PAHs were found in sediments influenced by anthropogenic activities.

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Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin affected by human activities (Abu Qir Bay, Egypt)

Cited by 105 publications

References 44 publications

Alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Mediterranean Spanish coastal marine bivalves

Alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Mediterranean Spanish coastal marine bivalves

Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a chemical proxy to indicate Tsunami 2004 backwash in Khao Lak coastal area, Thailand

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments from Lake Maryut, Alexandria, Egypt

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