Risk assessment of pesticide residues in dietary intake of celery in China

Fang, Liping; Zhang, Shuqiu; Chen, Zilei; Du, Hong; Zhu, Qing; Dong, Zhan; Li, Huidong

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.08.009

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Occasionally, the leaves are preserved by freezing and the frozen samples are homogenized by cryogenic milling (Anastassiades et al, ; Farha, Rahman, Abd El‐Aty, Jung, et al, ; Rahman et al, ). Once the sample is homogenized, a small amount of the subsample, ~0.5–100g (but typically 10–20 g), is used for extraction and analysis (Fang et al, ; Farha, Rahman, Abd El‐Aty, Kim, et al, ; Rahman, Na, et al, ; Rahman, Sharma, et al, ; Sances et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

Farha

El‐Aty

Rahman

et al. 2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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The category of 'leafy vegetables' comprises a wide range of plants, including cabbage, lettuce, leeks, spinach, Swiss chard and kale, and it forms a significant component of the human diet. Typically, leafy vegetables are low in calories and fat, are great sources of vitamins, protein, dietary fibre and minerals (including iron, calcium, and nitrates), and are rich in phytochemicals. To counter the impact of pests on vegetables, a broad variety of pesticides are used. Because of their large surface areas, leafy vegetables are expected to have high residual pesticide levels. As such, a sound analytical approach is needed to detect and quantify residue levels that are equal to or lower than the maximum residue limits, thus rendering the products safe for consumption. Overall, leafy vegetables consumed raw (after a tap water wash only), boiled or steamed contribute 2% of total vegetable consumption globally, and they might have a comparatively greater influence on health than cereal ingestion. Consequently, in this review paper, we highlight the importance of leafy vegetables, the pesticides that are commonly used on them and various analytical techniques, including sample preparation, extraction, clean-up and final detection. The effects on dissipation patterns, pre-harvest residue limits and safety/risks imposed by various pesticides are also reviewed and discussed. In conclusion, environmentally friendly extraction methods coupled with high-throughput techniques with greater reproducibility and lower uncertainty are needed for quantifying residues in leafy vegetables at very low concentrations. Commercial and household food preparation, such as washing, peeling, blanching and cooking are effective in removing most of the pesticide residues that are loosely attached on vegetables.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

Farha

El‐Aty

Rahman

et al. 2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…including lettuces and tomatoes with values 0.0008 µg/kg/bw/day and 0.004 µg/kg/bw/day [8]. In an evaluation of vegetables (including lettuces and tomatoes) in a northern metropolis of China, the EDIs showed that the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues were safe after their evaluation [32].…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues and Health Risk Assessment in Tomatoes and Lettuces from Farms of Metropolitan Region Chile

et al. 2020

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Over the last years, the detection of pesticide residues in the official food surveillance programs of Chile has been increased, mainly in fresh vegetables such as tomatoes and lettuces. The Metropolitana Region of Chile presents the highest detections in the country. The lack of evaluations of toxicological risks in human health have increased uncertainty of the potential effects of pesticides exposures in the Chilean population. This research aims to determinate health risks assessment of pesticide residues associated to tomatoes and lettuces produced in Metropolitana Region. The findings of this study reveal that tomatoes and lettuces cultivated in the MR show more than 50% of samples with one or multiple pesticides residues. From the total samples, 16% were over the Chilean Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). The main pesticides detected in tomatoes and lettuces were methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid. The results obtained using the official data of the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) compared to the World Health Organization (WHO), describe relevant risks through the Estimated Daily Intakes (EDI), Hazard Quotients (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) for the Chilean population due to high concentrations of methamidophos, methomyl and cyprodinil. More restrictions for the use of methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid and effective control programs should be implemented in order to mitigate the impacts on the Chilean population.

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“…Therefore, analysis of pesticide residues in food and other environmental commodities such as soil, water, fruit and total diet are essential for consumers. A few studies of monitoring pesticides have been conducted in China to assess the environmental load of these residues, and risk assessment for short-term intake of pesticide residues in crops has been carried out [ 2 , 6 – 8 ]. However, ongoing monitoring of pesticide residues for vegetables in China is still scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successive monitoring surveys of selected banned and restricted pesticide residues in vegetables from the northwest region of China from 2011 to 2013

Yang

et al. 2017

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundA wide range of pesticides is applied for crop protection in vegetable cultivation in China. Regulation of pesticide maximum residue limits (MRLs) in vegetables is established but not fully enforced. And pesticide residues in vegetables were not well monitored. This study conducted the monitoring surveys from 2011 to 2013 to investigate the pesticides in vegetables in the northwest region of China.MethodsA multi-residue gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method (GC/MS) was used in determination of pesticides in vegetable samples. The χ2 test was used to compare the concentration of pesticide residues.ResultsA total of 32 pesticide residues were detected in 518 samples from 20 types of vegetables in this study. 7.7% of the detected pesticide residues exceeded the MRLs. The percentages of residues that exceeded the MRLs for leafy, melon and fruit, and root vegetables were 11.2%, 5.1%, and 1.6%, respectively. There was no seasonal difference in the proportion of samples that exceeded the MRLs in different vegetables. A total of 84.3% (27/32) pesticides were detected at concentrations that exceeded MRLs. And of the 27 pesticides that exceeded the MRLs, 11 (40.7%) were banned for use in agriculture. The most frequently detected pesticides were Malathion (9.4%), Dichlorvos (8.7%), and Dimethoate (8.1%).ConclusionThe observed high rate of pesticides detected and high incidence of pesticide detection exceeding their MRLs in the commonly consumed vegetables indicated that the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) may not be well followed. The management of pesticide use and control should be improved. Well-developed training programs should be initiated to improve pesticide application knowledge for farmers.

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Risk assessment of pesticide residues in dietary intake of celery in China

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

Analytical approach, dissipation pattern and risk assessment of pesticide residue in green leafy vegetables: A comprehensive review

Pesticide Residues and Health Risk Assessment in Tomatoes and Lettuces from Farms of Metropolitan Region Chile

Successive monitoring surveys of selected banned and restricted pesticide residues in vegetables from the northwest region of China from 2011 to 2013

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