Risk assessment of pesticide leaching into groundwater based on the results of a lysimetric experiment

Kolupaeva, V. N.; Belik, A. A.; Кокорева, А. А.; Astaikina, Angelika

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/368/1/012023

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…A parameter for predicting the relative ranking of pesticides moving toward groundwater is the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) or Tier‐1 assessments (Hall et al., 2015; Kolupaeva et al., 2019). The GUS score is calculated by [log(DT 50 ]×[4 – log( K oc )], where DT 50 is the soil half‐life of the pesticide and K oc is the normalized organic carbon sorption coefficient (Gustafson, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Pesticide Toxicity Index to show the potential ecosystem benefits of on‐farm biobeds

2022

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The influent and effluent of two single-cell biobeds (Province of Alberta, Canada) and two dual cell-biobeds (Province of Saskatchewan, Canada) were monitored during a number of growing seasons. A total of 59 unique pesticide active ingredients were detected, with all biobed influent samples (n = 54) and 93% of effluent samples (n = 54) containing pesticide mixtures. About one-half of the effluent samples in both single-cell (56%) and dual-cell (45%) biobeds contained active ingredients that have Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) values >2.8 and so were more likely to move through the biomatrix materials into effluent. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) calculated for aquatic indicator species (i.e., vascular and nonvascular plants, invertebrates, and fish) was always larger for influent samples (e.g., median PTI >500 for invertebrates in dual-cell biobed) than effluent samples (i.e., median PTI <1). As such, this study demonstrates the potential ecosystem benefits of the broad adoption of on-farm biobeds in the Canadian Prairies for recycling tank rinsate as a strategy to accelerate a green economy. Although biobeds were highly effective in reducing the concentrations for pesticides with a wide range of soil organic carbon coefficient and half-life values, the biobed effectiveness was relatively poor for the herbicides clopyralid, diclofop, fluroxypyr, and imazethapyr. Clopyralid (3.02), fluroxypyr (3.70), and imazethapyr (3.90) all have relatively high GUS values (>2.8) and are thus more likely to be detected in effluent than active ingredients with smaller GUS values. This suggests that further improvements in biosystem design need to be made for optimizing the recycling of these pesticides. INTRODUCTIONPesticide handling areas result in point-source pollution that can account for up to 90% of the total pesticide loadings in water resources (Frede et al., 1998;Neumann et al., 2002). By capturing the pesticide residues associated with the filling and cleaning of spraying equipment, biobeds are designed Abbreviations: 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; DT 50 , soil pesticide half-life; GUS, Groundwater Ubiquity Score; MCPA, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid; PTI, Pesticide Toxicity Index.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Pesticide Toxicity Index to show the potential ecosystem benefits of on‐farm biobeds

2022

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Towards evidence‐based conservation of subterranean ecosystems

et al. 2022

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Subterranean ecosystems are among the most widespread environments on Earth, yet we still have poor knowledge of their biodiversity. To raise awareness of subterranean ecosystems, the essential services they provide, and their unique conservation challenges, 2021 and 2022 were designated International Years of Caves and Karst. As these ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in global conservation agendas and multilateral agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats is timely. This assessment allows researchers and practitioners to understand the progress made and research needs in subterranean ecology and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on subterranean ecosystems globally (terrestrial, freshwater, and saltwater systems), to quantify the available evidence-base for the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We selected 708 publications from the years 1964 to 2021 that discussed, recommended, or implemented 1,954 conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems. We noted a steep increase in the number of studies from the 2000s while, surprisingly, the proportion of studies quantifying the impact of conservation interventions has steadily and significantly decreased in recent years. The effectiveness of 31% of conservation interventions has been tested statistically. We further highlight that 64% of the reported research occurred in the Palearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions. Assessments of the effectiveness of conservation interventions were heavily biased towards indirect measures (monitoring and risk assessment), a limited sample of organisms (mostly arthropods and bats), and more accessible systems (terrestrial caves). Our results indicate that most conservation science in the field of subterranean biology does not apply a rigorous quantitative approach, resulting in sparse evidence for the effectiveness of interventions. This raises the important question of how to make conservation efforts more feasible to implement, cost-effective, and long-lasting. Although there is no single remedy, we propose a suite of potential solutions to focus our efforts better towards increasing statistical testing and stress the importance of standardising study reporting to facilitate metaanalytical exercises. We also provide a database summarising the available literature, which will help to build quantitative knowledge about interventions likely to yield the greatest impacts depending upon the subterranean species and habitats of interest. We view this as a starting point to shift away from the widespread tendency of recommending conservation interventions based on anecdotal and expert-based information rather than scientific evidence, without quantitatively testing their effectiveness.

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Long-Term Research on Physical Properties of Soils in the MSU Large Lysimeters: Main Results for the First 60 Years (1961–2021)

Умарова

Arkhangelskaya

Кокорева

et al. 2021

Moscow Univ. Soil Sci. Bull.

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Risk assessment of pesticide leaching into groundwater based on the results of a lysimetric experiment

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Using the Pesticide Toxicity Index to show the potential ecosystem benefits of on‐farm biobeds

Using the Pesticide Toxicity Index to show the potential ecosystem benefits of on‐farm biobeds

Towards evidence‐based conservation of subterranean ecosystems

Long-Term Research on Physical Properties of Soils in the MSU Large Lysimeters: Main Results for the First 60 Years (1961–2021)

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