Risk assessment of oral exposure to diisononyl phthalate from children’s products

Babich, Michael A.; Chen, Shing-Bong; Greene, Michael; Kiss, C.; Porter, Warren K.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Wind, Marilyn; Zamula, William W.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.06.005

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The physicochemical properties of the two compounds are also comparable, with DiNP having a slightly higher molecular weight and a slightly lower solubility in water [37]. DiNP is banned in the composition of toys and childcare articles that can be placed in the mouth [46] because it can leach into the saliva [47]. Animal toxicity studies have shown its carcinogenic effects on the liver, as the result of the proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, and on the kidney.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of hospitalised pregnant women to plasticizers contained in medical devices

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMedical devices (MDs) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are not a well-known source of exposure to plasticizers, in particular during pregnancy. Because of its toxicity, the di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been replaced by other plasticizers such as di (isononyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxilic acid (DINCH), tri-octyltrimellitate (TOTM) and di-(isononyl) phthalate (DiNP). Our study aimed to quantify the plasticizers (DEHP and alternative plasticizers) contained in PVC medical devices used for hospitalised pregnant women and to describe which these MDs had been used (type, number, duration of exposure).MethodsThe plasticizers contained in the MDs used for daily care in the Obstetrics Department of a French University Hospital were extracted from PVC (after contact with a chloroform solution), identified and quantified by gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry analysis. A total of 168 pregnant women hospitalised in the Obstetrics Department with at least one catheter were included in the observational study. The median number of MDs containing plasticizers used and the daily duration of exposure to the MDs were compared in three groups of pregnant women: “Pathology group” (women hospitalised for an obstetric disorder who did not give birth during this hospitalisation; n = 52), “Pathology and delivery group” (hospitalised for an obstetric disorder and who gave birth during this stay; n = 23) and “Delivery group” (admitted for planned or spontaneous delivery without obstetric disorder; n = 93).ResultsDiNP, TOTM and DINCH were the predominant plasticizers contained in the MDs at an amount of 29 to 36 g per 100 g of PVC. Women in the “Pathology group” (preterm labour or other pathology) were exposed to a median number of two MDs containing TOTM and one MD containing DiNP, fewer than those in the “Pathology and delivery group” (p < 0.05). Women in the “Pathology group” had a median exposure of 3.4 h/day to MDs containing DiNP and 8.2 h/day to MDs containing TOTM, longer than those in the “Delivery group” (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study shows that the medical management of pregnant women in a hospital setting entails exposure to MDs containing alternative plasticizers (DiNP, TOTM and DINCH).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-017-0398-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of hospitalised pregnant women to plasticizers contained in medical devices

et al. 2017

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“…In infants and toddlers, mouthing of toys and other items made of phthalate plasticized PVC may lead to additional oral intake of some phthalates [2,6,9,11,107,108]. In a recent study, Wormuth et al [81] assessed the average contribution of various exposure sources in Europeans.…”

Section: Sources Of Ubiquitous Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Wittassek¹,

Koch

Angerer

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

651

364

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Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long-chain phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short-chain phthalates such as di-n-butyl-phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.

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“…To evaluate the applied dermal exposure model, Csiszar et al 27 compared the PiF-based 24 with application to head and hands surface area of 1598 cm 2 , dilution factor of 6 and skin permeation coefficient from Ten Berge. 31 Body lotion calculation adapted from Ernstoff et al, 24 with application to body area of 17 000 cm 2 , dilution factor of 1. b PiF is calculated by multiplying the measured leaching rate of DINP out of plastic ((1 × 10 −5 g/cm 2 /h), 32−34 the mouthing contact area (10 cm 2 ) 35 cumulative intake for several PCPs to biomarker data and found good agreement for parabens between modeled calculations and biomarker data.…”

Section: ■ Calculation Examples and Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Product Intake Fraction to Quantify and Compare Exposure to Consumer Products

Jolliet

Ernstoff

Csiszar

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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There is a growing consciousness that exposure studies need to better cover near-field exposure associated with products use. To consistently and quantitatively compare human exposure to chemicals in consumer products, we introduce the concept of product intake fraction, as the fraction of a chemical within a product that is eventually taken in by the human population. This metric enables consistent comparison of exposures during consumer product use for different product-chemical combinations, exposure duration, exposure routes and pathways and for other life cycle stages. We present example applications of the product intake fraction concept, for two chemicals in two personal care products and two chemicals encapsulated in two articles, showing how intakes of these chemicals can primarily occur during product use. We demonstrate the utility of the product intake fraction and its application modalities within life cycle assessment and risk assessment contexts. The product intake fraction helps to provide a clear interface between the life cycle inventory and impact assessment phases, to identify best suited sentinel products and to calculate overall exposure to chemicals in consumer products, or back-calculate maximum allowable concentrations of substances inside products.

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Risk assessment of oral exposure to diisononyl phthalate from children’s products

Cited by 64 publications

References 46 publications

Exposure of hospitalised pregnant women to plasticizers contained in medical devices

Exposure of hospitalised pregnant women to plasticizers contained in medical devices

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Defining Product Intake Fraction to Quantify and Compare Exposure to Consumer Products

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