Risk assessment of inhaled diacetyl from electronic cigarette use among teens and adults

White, Avian V; Wambui, David; Pokhrel, Lok R.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145486

Cited by 12 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“… 15 There is no production standard among manufacturers and thus the contents and potential toxicities can vary widely. 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 Furthermore, users are increasingly creating their own device modifications, many of which pose an increased risk for elevated nicotine and carcinogen consumption and combustion. 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although e‐juice has fewer known carcinogens as compared to combustible cigarettes, studies have proven the presence of toxic constituents in e‐cigs 55,56 . These constituents include but are not limited to carbonyl compounds, 57 thiocyanate, 58 heavy metals, 7,59,60 silicate particles, 60 diacetyl, 61 and the known carcinogens formaldehyde 62,63 and N ′‐nitrosonornicotine 56,64 (Figure 1B). Many of these components of e‐cigs come from the flavoring additives or devices themselves and thus vary widely between products 65‐71 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, many methods including disposable and refillable e‐cigs remain largely unregulated 15 . There is no production standard among manufacturers and thus the contents and potential toxicities can vary widely 55‐71 . Furthermore, users are increasingly creating their own device modifications, many of which pose an increased risk for elevated nicotine and carcinogen consumption and combustion 83‐94 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The use and effects of electronic (e)‐cigarettes (e‐cigs) are particularly relevant for otolaryngology providers as tobacco plays a major role in benign and malignant diseases of the upper aerodigestive tract. This review aims to (1) summarize the recent policies regarding e‐cigs and important patterns of use and (2) serve as a comprehensive resource for clinical providers on the known biologic and clinical effects of e‐cigs on the upper aerodigestive tract. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE. Review Methods We conducted a narrative review on (1) general information on e‐cig use and informative findings in the lower respiratory system and a comprehensive review on (2) the effects of e‐cigs on cell and animal models and the clinical implications of these products on human health as is relevant to otolaryngology. Conclusions Although e‐cigs are likely less harmful than conventional cigarettes, preliminary research on e‐cigs suggest several deleterious effects including in the upper aerodigestive tract. Due to this, there has been increased interest in restricting e‐cig usage, particularly among the adolescent population, and caution in recommending e‐cigs to current smokers. Implications for Practice Chronic e‐cig use is likely to have clinical implications. It is critical for otolaryngology providers to be aware of the rapidly changing regulations and use patterns regarding e‐cigs and how e‐cigs influence human health, particularly with regards to the upper aerodigestive tract, to accurately council patients regarding potential risks and benefits of use.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…128 Identification of diacetyl in vape solutions raises the possibility of development of a similar pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans among individuals who have chronic vape aerosol exposure to diacetyl-containing vape solutions. 129 Studies of vape aerosols have suggested multiple pro-inflammatory effects on the respiratory system. This includes increased airway resistance, 130 impaired response to infection, 131 and impaired mucociliary clearance.…”

Section: Pro-inflammatory Vape Aerosol Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diacetyl is most widely associated with an outbreak of diacetyl associated bronchiolitis obliterans (“popcorn lung”) among workers at a microwave popcorn plant in 2002 128. Identification of diacetyl in vape solutions raises the possibility of development of a similar pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans among individuals who have chronic vape aerosol exposure to diacetyl-containing vape solutions 129…”

Section: Sources and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vaping on respiratory health

Jonas

2022

BMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Widespread uptake of vaping has signaled a sea change in the future of nicotine consumption. Vaping has grown in popularity over the past decade, in part propelled by innovations in vape pen design and nicotine flavoring. Teens and young adults have seen the biggest uptake in use of vape pens, which have superseded conventional cigarettes as the preferred modality of nicotine consumption. Relatively little is known, however, about the potential effects of chronic vaping on the respiratory system. Further, the role of vaping as a tool of smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction remains controversial. The 2019 E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak highlighted the potential harms of vaping, and the consequences of long term use remain unknown. Here, we review the growing body of literature investigating the impacts of vaping on respiratory health. We review the clinical manifestations of vaping related lung injury, including the EVALI outbreak, as well as the effects of chronic vaping on respiratory health and covid-19 outcomes. We conclude that vaping is not without risk, and that further investigation is required to establish clear public policy guidance and regulation.

show abstract

Diacetyl

Beckett,

Abelmann,

Maier

2023

Patty's Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diacetyl is the simplest diketone. It occurs endogenously in humans, is a natural byproduct of bacterial fermentation and pyrolysis of organic matter, and is present naturally in a number of foods. In its pure form, diacetyl is a greenish‐yellow liquid that is moderately soluble in water and has a very strong buttery, quinone‐like, or chlorine‐like odor. It has been used as a synthetic food additive and flavoring, most notably in microwave popcorn, for its buttery and caramel or toffee notes; however, since the mid‐2000s, its use has declined in favor of substitutes. Diacetyl has also been used as a reactant or starting material in chemical and/or biochemical reactions. Exposure to the general population is ubiquitous, not just from use and consumption of flavored consumer products and foods, but also through naturally occurring diacetyl in various foodstuffs and beverages and direct or secondhand exposure to tobacco smoke. Diacetyl has low toxicity from ingestion and dermal exposure. Its respiratory toxicity potential has been thoroughly evaluated via animal studies. As with most volatile organic compounds, the most sensitive health endpoint is upper airways effects and inflammation. Findings from some epidemiological studies have suggested that, at very high concentrations, diacetyl may cause reduced lung function and even severe restrictive or obstructive lung diseases, including bronchiolitis obliterans. In addition, the weight of the evidence indicates that diacetyl is neither a teratogen, nor a carcinogen. Diacetyl's potential as a sensory irritant and respiratory sensitizer remains equivocal.

show abstract

Risk assessment of inhaled diacetyl from electronic cigarette use among teens and adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers

Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers

Impact of vaping on respiratory health

Diacetyl

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About