Risk Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Tap Water among Residents of Seri Kembangan, Selangor state, Malaysia

Lim, C S; Shaharuddin, Mohd Sham; Sam, W Y

doi:10.5539/gjhs.v5n2p1

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Such a large difference is due to a high Pb concentration in drinking water. In Lim et al’s study, as in our study, the R was observed less than 1 which this issue is due to the proximity of lead concentration in this study, which is 3.04-6.697 µg/l with our study ( Lim, Shaharuddin, & Sam, 2012 ). Also, in Rajaei et al’s study, the HQ was 0.00007 which was observed less than 1 as in our study ( Rajaei, Pourkhabaz, & Hesari Motlagh, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Lead in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups in Bandar Abbas Ciry, Iran

Fakhri¹,

Mohseni²,

Jafarzadeh³

et al. 2015

GJHS

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The presence of heavy metals such as lead in drinking water resources can be dangerous for human because of toxicity and biological accumulation. The consumption of water or food which contains lead in high concentration can lead to prevent from Hemoglobin Synthesis (Anemia) and Kidney diseases. In this present study, the researcher collected 432 samples of bottled water in the popular marks in summer and winter from the surface of Bandar Abbas. The lead concentration was measured by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer in model DR2800 through the Dithizone method. CDI, R and HQ which are caused by lead for adult men, women and children, have been calculated and evaluated through the equations of EPA and WHO. The mean concentration of lead, which is 3.46±0.47 µg/l, and its range, which is 1.9-17.6 µg/l, are lower than the guideline of WHO (10 µg/l) and MPC of EPA is (15 µg/l). But the 40 samples of the bottled water (9.2%) have the concentration higher than guideline WHO and 8 samples (1.85%) has the concentration higher than the permissible limits of the EPA. CDI in different age groups is as following manner: Children>adult men>adult women. CDI in children is more than twice as much as in the adult men and women. The R of lead for children (24E-7), adult men (11E-7) and for adult women (10E-7) are more than the acceptable level of R in EPA (1E-6) but less than the acceptable level of R in WHO (1E-4). Since HQ of adult men (34E-5), adult women (31E-5) and children (84E-5), is lower than 1, it can be said that the population of Bandar Abbas is in a safe area regarding the HQ of the bottled water’s lead.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Lead in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups in Bandar Abbas Ciry, Iran

Fakhri¹,

Mohseni²,

Jafarzadeh³

et al. 2015

GJHS

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“…The selected study area was in Taman Seri Serdang whereby this area was estimated with population of 14360 people by the Local Planning of Subang Jaya (Lim, Shaharuddin, Sam, 2012). In this area, there are residential area, commercial area and a secondary school with the estimated area is 0.2km 2 .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Roofing Assessment for Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Adoption Using Remote Sensing and Gis Approach

Radzali

Shafri

Norman

et al. 2018

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Rooftop rainwater harvesting refers to the collection and storage of water from rooftops whereby the quality of harvested rainwater depend on the types of roof and the environmental conditions. This system is capable to support the water supply in almost any place either as a sole source or by reducing stress on other sources through water savings. Remote sensing and GIS have been widely used in urban environmental analysis. Thus, this study aimed to develop the roofing layer in order to assess the potential area for rooftop rainwater harvesting adoption by integrating remote sensing and GIS approach. An urban area containing various urban roofing materials and characteristics was selected. High resolution satellite imagery acquired from WorldView-3 satellite systems with 0.3m of spatial resolution was used in order to obtain spectral and spatial information of buildings and roofs. For quality assessment, the physical and chemical parameters of the rooftop harvested rainwater were performed according to the Standard Tests for Water and Wastewater. The potential area for rooftop rainwater harvesting adoption can be identified with the detail information of the rooftops and quality assessment in geospatial environment.

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“…Moreover, the Pb concentration at Bandar Sunway crossed the maximum limit of drinking water quality standard 10 µg/L proposed by Ministry of Health Malaysia, World Health Organization, and European Commission, respectively as well as 15µg/L by United States Environmental Protection Agency. However, lower dissolved Pb concentrations were also observed 3.04 µg/L at Seri Kembangan et al [7], 0.75 µg/ Lat Kuala Lumpur [6] and 3±2 µg/L in Langat Basin [13] than the concentration at Bandar Sunway within the Langat River Basin. The higher Pb concentration in the supply water might be primarily from corrosion of the galvanized iron (i.e.…”

Section: Dissolved Pb Concentration In Raw Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…zinc coated) pipe [26-28] as well as PVC pipe where Pb used as a stabilizer for manufacturing [29]. Moreover, the combination of copper piping with lead solder at the household level can produce galvanic corrosion to leach lead even in relatively noncorrosive water [7].…”

Section: Dissolved Pb Concentration In Raw Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no study that investigates the chemical concentrations from upstream to downstream in the Langat River, exactly from where the water treatment plants (WTPs) within the basin take water for the treatment purposes. In the meantime, a few studies at LRBM determined the higher concentrations of Pb [6,7] in the supply water mostly because of its contamination in the water distribution pipeline. Moreover, many studies have considered Pb as an emerging contaminant and its ingestion is an issue of emerging concern [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2017

MOJT

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Safe water supply at Langat River Basin, Malaysia is very crucial being Langat River the prime source of raw water in the basin. Although several study both river and supply water at the Langat Basin determined higher concentration of dissolved lead (Pb), however, there is no significant study that investigates the Pb concentration in the drinking water supply chain of the basin. Therefore, the review of secondary literature explores the status of dissolved Pb in drinking water supply chain at the Langat Basin in comparison with some other countries. Apart from man-made activities, the higher concentrations of dissolved Pb both in the raw and supply water are mainly from the natural weathering of Pb minerals within the granite rock of Titiwangsa Mountain Range of Langat Basin and the corrosion of galvanized iron pipe, respectively. Therefore, the use of reverse osmosis technology to treat both the raw and supply water at the basin could ensure safe drinking water supply as well as sound health of the populations.

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Risk Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Tap Water among Residents of Seri Kembangan, Selangor state, Malaysia

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Lead in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups in Bandar Abbas Ciry, Iran

Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Lead in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups in Bandar Abbas Ciry, Iran

Roofing Assessment for Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Adoption Using Remote Sensing and Gis Approach

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