Risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food – Comments by the German Federal Environmental Agency

Gies, Andreas; Neumeier, Günther; Rappolder, Marianne; Konietzka, R.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.128

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies found that postnatal exposure to dioxins affects thyroid hormone system and immunological functions of infants and children (69,70). Moreover, it should be noted that infants and children absorb dioxins at a faster rate than adults due to their high growth rate (71). In addition, TZ infants are at greater risk due to higher background levels, implying that they would absorb more dioxins via dermal contact, inhalation, and prenatal exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China

Chan

Xing

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

186

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study is one of the very few investigating the dioxin body burden of a group of child-bearing-aged women at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site (Taizhou, Zhejiang Province) (24 ( 2.83 years of age, 40% were primiparae) and a reference site (Lin'an city, Zhejiang Province, about 245 km away from Taizhou) (24 ( 2.35 years of age, 100% were primiparae) in China. Five sets of samples (each set consisted of human milk, placenta, and hair) were collected from each site. Body burdens of people from the e-waste processing site (human milk, 21.02 ( 13.81 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat (World Health Organization toxic equivalency 1998); placenta, 31.15 ( 15.67 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat; hair, 33.82 ( 17.74 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g dry wt) showed significantly higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/ Fs) than those from the reference site (human milk, 9.35 ( 7.39 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat; placenta, 11.91 ( 7.05 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g fat; hair, 5.59 ( 4.36 pg WHO-TEQ 1998 /g dry wt) and were comparatively higher than other studies. The difference between the two sites was due to e-waste recycling operations, for example, open burning, which led to high background levels. Moreover, mothers from the e-waste recycling site consumed more foods of animal origin. The estimated daily intake of PCDD/Fs within 6 months by breastfed infants from the e-waste processing site was 2 times higher than that from the reference site. Both values exceeded the WHO tolerable daily intake for adults by at least 25 and 11 times, respectively. Our results implicated that e-waste recycling operations cause prominent PCDD/F levels in the environment and in humans. The elevated body burden may have health implications for the next generation.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China

Chan

Xing

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

186

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Non-occupational routes of exposure to the PCDDs include inhalation of contaminated air, ingestion of contaminated substances, and dermal contact. The major route (>90%) of exposure is from dietary ingestion of contaminated foods (IARC, 1997) and there is particular concern for breast-fed infants (Gies et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of dioxins in contaminated sediment and soil samples

Emon¹,

Chuang²,

Lordo³

et al. 2008

Chemosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 96-microwell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was evaluated to determine PCDDs/PCDFs in sediment and soil samples from an EPA Superfund site. Samples were prepared and analyzed by both the ELISA and a gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) method. Comparable method precision, accuracy, and detection level (8 ng kg −1 ) were achieved by the ELISA method with respect to GC/HRMS. However, the extraction and cleanup method developed for the ELISA requires refinement for the soil type that yielded a waxy residue after sample processing. Four types of statistical analyses (Pearson correlation coefficient, paired t-test, nonparametric tests, and McNemar's test of association) were performed to determine whether the two methods produced statistically different results. The logtransformed ELISA-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin values and logtransformed GC/ HRMS-derived TEQ values were significantly correlated (r = 0.79) at the 0.05 level. The median difference in values between ELISA and GC/HRMS was not significant at the 0.05 level. Low false negative and false positive rates (<10%) were observed for the ELISA when compared to the GC/HRMS at 1000 ng TEQ kg −1 . The findings suggest that immunochemical technology could be a complementary monitoring tool for determining concentrations at the 1000 ng TEQ kg −1 action level for contaminated sediment and soil. The ELISA could also be used in an analytical triage approach to screen and rank samples prior to instrumental analysis.

show abstract

“…This is remarkable considering the standard guidance for safety factors (ECETOC 1995;ATSDR 1998) and the evidence on variation in susceptibility (Masten et al 1998) and vulnerability (Wallin et al 2003) also in humans. The decision of SCF (2001) a safety factor based on inter-individual variation (SCF 2000) was criticized by UBA (Gies et al 2007, Table 1). Many arguments concerning safety factors are related to fundamental epistemic and policy principles, i.e.…”

Section: Tolerable Daily Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy and Science Implications of the Framing and Qualities of Uncertainty in Risks: Toxic and Beneficial Fish from the Baltic Sea

Assmuth¹

2011

AMBIO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Policy and research issues in the framing and qualities of uncertainties in risks are analyzed, based on the assessments of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) and other ingredients in Baltic Sea fish, a high-profile case of governance. Risks are framed broadly, to then focus on dioxins and beneficial fatty acids, fish consumption, human health, and science-management links. Hierarchies of uncertainty (data, model, decision rule, and epistemic) and ambiguity (of values) are used to identify issues of scientific and policy contestation and opportunities for resolving them. The associated complexity of risks is illustrated by riskbenefit analyses of fish consumption and by evaluations of guideline values, highlighting value contents and policy factors in presumably scientific decision criteria, and arguments used in multi-dimensional risk and benefit comparisons. These comparisons pose challenges to narrow assessments centered, for e.g., on toxicants or on food benefits, and to more many-sided and balanced risk communication and management. It is shown that structured and contextualized treatment of uncertainties and ambiguities in a reflexive approach can inform balances between wide and narrow focus, detail and generality, and evidence and precaution.

show abstract

Risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food – Comments by the German Federal Environmental Agency

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China

Body Loadings and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans at an Intensive Electronic Waste Recycling Site in China

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of dioxins in contaminated sediment and soil samples

Policy and Science Implications of the Framing and Qualities of Uncertainty in Risks: Toxic and Beneficial Fish from the Baltic Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About