Risk assessment of dietary deoxynivalenol exposure in wheat products worldwide: Are new codex DON guidelines adequately protective?

Chen, Chen; Turna, Nikita Saha; Wu, Felicia

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.002

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Using the allowable daily intakes and tolerable daily intakes derived from JECFA, JEMRA, and JMPR, Codex Committees, including those for food additives (CCFA), food contaminants (CCCF), and pesticide residues (CCPR), create harmonized international food standards to protect the health of consumers and ensure fair trade practices. For example, using the tolerable daily intake of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) that JECFA estimated, Codex established guidelines for allowable levels of DON in wheat, maize, and barley in 2015; which could significantly reduce human health risk worldwide from DON-related gastrointestinal illness (Chen, Saha Turna, & Wu, 2019).…”

Section: Codex Alimentarius Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noncarcinogenic effects of other foodborne chemicals and toxins have been evaluated, and much information has been gained about diverse health effects caused by these contaminants in food. These include cardiovascular damage caused by arsenic (Moon et al, 2018), cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity caused by foodborne lead (Carrington, Devleesschauwer, Gibb, & Bolger, 2019) and cassava cyanide (Kashala-Abotnes et al, 2018), child growth impairment and immune dysfunction caused by mycotoxins (Chen et al, 2018(Chen et al, , 2019Khlangwiset et al, 2011), chronic kidney disease caused by cadmium and ochratoxin A (Mitchell et al, 2017;Zang, Devleesschauwer, Bolger, Goodman, & Gibb, 2019), and endocrine disruption caused by dioxins (Gibb et al, 2015). Indeed, the past 40 years have yielded significant advances in understanding how the chemicals and toxins in the global food supply can affect human health in myriad ways.…”

Section: Foodborne Chemicals and Toxins: Cancer And Noncancer Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forty Years of Food Safety Risk Assessment: A History and Analysis

Rodricks

2020

Risk Analysis

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Before the founding of the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) in 1980, food safety in the United States had long been a concern, but there was a lack of systematic methods to assess foodrelated risks. In 1906, the U.S. Congress passed, and President Roosevelt signed, the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act to regulate food safety at the federal level. This Act followed the publication of multiple reports of food contamination, culminating in Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle, which highlighted food and worker abuses in the meatpacking industry. Later in the 20th century, important developments in agricultural and food technology greatly increased food production. But chemical exposures from agricultural and other practices resulted in major amendments to federal food laws, including the Delaney Clause, aimed specifically at cancer-causing chemicals. Later in the 20th century, when quantitative risk assessment methods were given greater scientific status in a seminal National Research Council report, food safety risk assessment became more systematized. Additionally, in these last 40 years, food safety research has resulted in increased understanding of a range of health effects from foodborne chemicals, and technological developments have improved U.S. food safety from farm to fork by offering new ways to manage risks. We discuss the history of food safety and the role risk analysis has played in its evolution, starting from over a century ago, but focusing on the last 40 years. While we focus on chemical risk assessment in the U.S., we also discuss microbial risk assessment and international food safety.

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Section: Codex Alimentarius Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Foodborne Chemicals and Toxins: Cancer And Noncancer Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forty Years of Food Safety Risk Assessment: A History and Analysis

Rodricks

2020

Risk Analysis

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“…To assay the mycotoxin contamination of grain in the field, the sampling method of grain was designed based on the detection of deoxynivalenol content in wheat 12 and aflatoxin B 1 content 13 in rice with the ELISA kit. Meanwhile, the influence of local geographic factors, grain varieties, planting area, climate abnormalities, wind direction, and lodging were considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary research on sampling scheme for analyzing mycotoxin distribution in wheat and rice fields

Fan

Wang

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Mycotoxins are among the most severe food contaminants. Deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin contamination are predominant in wheat and rice, respectively. Nowadays, there are no standardized and approved grain‐sampling schemes worldwide. This study aimed to develop a scientific grain‐sampling scheme to investigate the regularity of mycotoxin distributed in wheat and rice fields. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and cluster analysis to select a better sampling scheme. RESULTS Considering the influences of the weather before harvest (temperature, humidity, wind direction, and other conditions), we sampled grains from different places in different farmlands and detected the mycotoxin content of the sampled grains. The mycotoxin content had extremely significant differences in the area of rice fields (P<0.01) and significant differences in the area of wheat fields (P<0.05). The filtering effect existed peripheral the field areas, especially peripheral the humid areas, where the fungi were filtered and the toxin were easily produced. Furthermore, the upwind direction peripheral the field areas cause more filterature effect than other wind direction. Although 97% of mycotoxins in wheat can be removed through the shelling process, the toxin content were not obviously affected by rice lodging in the field. According to the cluster analysis, the peripheral and middle areas were divided into the same group with higher mycotoxin content. CONCLUSION This paper developed a sampling scheme to detect the mycotoxin content of wheat and rice in the field, considering the temperature and humidity of the weather, locations, and other grain contamination conditions before harvest. Meanwhile, the sampling rule of lodging and wind direction in the field was also assayed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…In both China and the United States, the maximum limit of DON in wheat products is 1000 μg kg −1 for humans’ consumption. European Union (EU) has set a variety of DON standards, such as 200 μg kg −1 for baby foods, 1250 μg kg −1 for unprocessed cereals, and 1750 μg kg −1 for unprocessed durum wheat and oats (Chen et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%