Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 exposure from maize and peanut consumption in Indonesia using the margin of exposure and liver cancer risk estimation approaches

Nugraha, Ananditya; Khotimah, Khusnul; Rietjens, Ivonne M.C.M.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.036

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In recent studies, AFB1 is reported to lead to apoptosis of hepatocytes via an extrinsic mechanism because of high expression of death receptor pathway [3]. Moreover, in 2002, AFB1 has been classified into Group 1 of carcinogens, considering its direct contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [4]. In fact, as early 3 The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.…”

Section: Toxic Effects Of Afb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update

Shan¹

2020

Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence, Detection and Toxicological Effects

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic in aflatoxin family. It is well known for its involvement in hepatic carcinogenesis. Other adverse effects include immune weakness, reproduction deficiency, malnutrition, and growth impairment. The key mechanism of AFB1 carcinogenesis is supposed to be epoxidation, which produce the AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) strongly adductive to DNA molecules. Other metabolites like AFM1, AFH1, and AFL, which retain DNA adductive capability, extend its toxicity. Scientists now found that AFB1 also affected epigenetic regulation, which might shed new light into AFB1 toxicity mechanism researches. The detoxification of AFB1 has always been a hot spot in AFB1-related studies. The major methods can be categorized into physical treatment, biological treatment, chemical treatment, combination strategy, and sorbent additives. None of the methods is 100% perfect, however considering economic factors, simplicity, effectiveness, safety, and preservation of the food nutrition. This review will discuss the toxicity and toxic mechanisms of AFB1. Also, detoxification of AFB1 will be reviewed.2 as in the 1970s, its hepatocarcinogenic property has been testified in animal models [5], and there since, several epidemiological studies from Asia and Africa areas monitored intersection of high HCC incidence and AFB1 contamination, with 4.6-28.2% of HCC cases globally attributed to AFB1 exposure [6]. Moreover, hepatitis B virus (HBV) that cooperates with AFB1 can drastically increase the risk of HCC by 30-fold [7]. Recent researches also find evidences that hepatitis C virus (HCV) also has a synergistic role with AFB1 in hepatocarcinogenesis. Jeannot et al. found that the incidence of tumorous or pretumorous lesions was elevated by 2.5-fold in AFB1-treated HCV transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice [8]. Recently, a 20-year clinical follow-up study in Taiwan investigated HCC risk associated with AFB1 exposure in HCV-positive and HBV-HCV-negative individuals. HCV and AFB1 exposure were both found as independent risk factors for HCC development. Elevated serum AFB1albumin adduct levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC newly developed within 8 years of follow-up in non-HBV-non-HCV participants with habitual alcohol consumption [crude OR (95% CI) for high vs. low/undetectable levels, 4.22 (1.16-15.37)], and HCV-infected participants [3.39 (1.31-8.77)], but not in non-HBV-non-HCV participants without alcohol drinking habit. Therefore, it indicated that AFB1 exposure contributes to the development of HCC in participants with significant risk factors for cirrhosis including alcohol and HCV infection [9]. What's more, AFB1 exposure can induce the increased levels of blood glucose in mice and, also, the high probability to develop liver cancer [10].Liver is not the only target organ of AFB1 toxification. Its impairment on the immune system has been established in both humans and animals. Several studies linked AFB1 exposure with reduced levels or functions of immunological factors, such as de...

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Section: Toxic Effects Of Afb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update

Shan¹

2020

Aflatoxin B1 Occurrence, Detection and Toxicological Effects

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“…Aflatoxins are produced in cereals by Aspergillus flavus before and after harvest if the moisture is >13% and the temperature is in the range 24–37°C . Aflatoxin B 1 occurs in maize, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions .…”

Section: Mycotoxins In Beer – Aflatoxin B1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have reported that cereals are frequently contaminated by mycotoxins, through pervasive mycotoxigenic fungi that proliferate in them pre‐ and post harvest . These mycotoxins are toxic but stable secondary compounds produced by toxigenic fungal strains are known to have adverse effects on health . Mycotoxins are small, odourless molecules, able to induce toxic effects even at low concentrations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorghum, millet and corn are widely used in Africa . These cereals are widely cultivated and are predisposed to toxigenic fungal attacks and attendant mycotoxin production . The malts and, in some instances, the unmalted cereals or adjuncts, are considered as the main sources of MC contamination in beer .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal genera commonly associated with mycotoxin production in cereal grains include Aspergillus , Penicillium and Fusarium . These microorganisms mainly produce aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FBs) in cereals , where they occur singly or in combination . The presence of these mycotoxins represents a health risk, causing mycotoxicosis, an acute or chronic disease condition that occur in cases of mycotoxin exposure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A sub-Saharan African perspective on mycotoxins in beer - a review

2019

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Beer is an alcoholic beverage made from a cereal grain extract and is widely consumed in sub-Saharan Africa and the world at large. However, beer consumption could expose consumers to mycotoxins. In this review, we appraised the different mycotoxins associated with beer contamination, elucidating their structures and incidence in cereals involved in beer production. The common mycotoxins that are found within the brewing process are reviewed. These include aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), fumonisin (FB), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON), which are the prime contaminants in beer produced in sub-Saharan Africa. Residual levels of <20% of AFB 1 , OTA and FB 2 together with the transformation of ZEA (into a less toxic compound β-zearalenol) can be achieved during the production of beers originating from Europe/America, while >50% of DON and higher ratios of FB 1 can be recovered in finished beer. Adsorption is the major means of mycotoxin removal during beer production. In contrast, traditional African beer processes show no significant efficient removal of mycotoxins. This is because the prevailing environmental conditions during beer production are favourable to mycotoxigenic fungal proliferation. This subsequently leads to relatively high concentration of mycotoxins in freshly processed beer, with a possible increase during the beer shelf-life owing to the absence of appropriate microbial stabilisation treatments in the finished processed beer.

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“Nutrient–fungi–host” tripartite interaction in cancer progression

Wu,

Guan,

et al. 2024

iMeta

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The human microbiome exhibits a profound connection with the cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response, with particular emphasis on its components of the mycobiome, which are still in the early stages of research. In this review, we comprehensively summarize cancer‐related symbiotic and pathogenic fungal genera. The intricate mechanisms through which fungi impact cancer as an integral member of both gut and tissue‐resident microbiomes are further discussed. In addition, we shed light on the pivotal physiological roles of various nutrients, including cholesterol, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, in facilitating the growth, reproduction, and invasive pathogenesis of the fungi. While our exploration of the interplay between nutrients and cancer, mediated by the mycobiome, is ongoing, the current findings have yet to yield conclusive results. Thus, delving into the relationship between nutrients and fungal pathogenesis in cancer development and progression would provide valuable insights into anticancer therapy and foster precision nutrition and individualized treatments that target fungi from bench to bedside.

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Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 exposure from maize and peanut consumption in Indonesia using the margin of exposure and liver cancer risk estimation approaches

Cited by 72 publications

References 35 publications

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1: An Update

A sub-Saharan African perspective on mycotoxins in beer - a review

“Nutrient–fungi–host” tripartite interaction in cancer progression

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