Risk assessment of 22 chemical elements in dry and canned pet foods

Paulelli, Ana Carolina Cavalheiro; Martins, Airton C.; Paula, Eloísa Silva de; Souza, Juliana Maria Oliveira; Carneiro, María Fernanda Hornos; Júnior, Fernando Barbosa; Batista, Bruno Lemos

doi:10.1007/s00003-018-1178-5

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study, dry foods had higher Hg concentrations than wet foods, results opposite to those observed by Luippold 42 and Paulelli 46 . Concerning dry foods, those intended for cats had higher Hg concentrations than those found in dog food.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Fernandes 38 also observed high Al concentrations (determined by instrumental neutron activation) in commercial dog foods, which ranged from 58 to 11900 mg/kg food, which corresponds to 59.5 times the MTL. In a study conducted by Paulelli 46 , Al concentrations in commercial dog and cat foods ranged from 12 to 519 mg/kg food, and dog foods had higher Al concentrations than cat foods, which is consistent with the present findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…To date, some studies have evaluated the presence of toxic metals in commercial pet foods 38 , 40 – 46 and ingredients used by the pet food industry 47 – 49 . From the published data, the high aluminum concentrations in commercial pet foods observed in the studies by Fernandes 38 , da Costa 45 , and Paulelli 46 stand out, in which aluminum concentrations up to 11,900 mg/kg food were observed, which correspond to 59.5 times the maximum limit established for these species. In small animals, the possible adverse effects associated with consuming this amount of aluminum are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic element levels in ingredients and commercial pet foods

Zafalon

Pedreira

Vendramini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Nowadays, there is a growing concern about contamination of toxic metals (TM) in pet food due to the great potential for health risks of these elements. TM concentrations in commercial pet foods (n = 100) as well as in ingredients used in their composition (n = 100) were analyzed and compared to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maximum tolerable level (MTL), and the TM concentrations found in the different sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were compared. The TM concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Concentrations above the MTL for aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium were observed in both dog and cat foods, and the percentage of dog foods that exceeded the MTL of these TM were: 31.9%; 100%; 80.55%; 95.83%; and 75%, respectively, and in cat foods: 10.71%; 100%; 32.14%; 85.71%; 28.57%, respectively. The MTL values of these TMs and the mean values in dog foods (mg/kg dry matter basis) (MTL [mean ± standard deviation]) were: aluminum: 200 (269.17 ± 393.74); mercury: 0.27 (2.51 ± 1.31); lead: 10 (12.55 ± 4.30); uranium: 10 (76.82 ± 28.09); vanadium: 1 (1.35 ± 0.69), while in cat foods were: aluminum: 200 (135.51 ± 143.95); mercury: 0.27 (3.47 ± 4.31); lead: 10 (9.13 ± 5.42); uranium: 10 (49.83 ± 29.18); vanadium: 1 (0.81 ± 0.77). Dry foods presented higher concentrations of most TM (P < 0.05) than wet foods (P < 0.05). Among the carbohydrate sources, there were the highest levels of all TM except cobalt, mercury, and nickel in wheat bran (P < 0.05), while among the protein sources, in general, animal by-products had higher TM concentrations than plant-based ingredients. Pork fat had higher concentrations of arsenic, mercury, and antimony than fish oil and poultry fat. It was concluded that the pet foods evaluated in this study presented high concentrations of the following TM: aluminum, mercury, lead, uranium, and vanadium.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic element levels in ingredients and commercial pet foods

Zafalon

Pedreira

Vendramini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Several authors have also expressed concern about longterm exposure to toxic metals in certain dry dog foods (Davies et al 2017a;De Nadai Fernandes et al 2018;Kim et al 2018;Paulelli et al 2018;Rosendahl et al 2020). Studies have shown higher concentrations of toxic metals in serum and liver in dogs that eat commercial diets compared to dogs that eat home-made diets (Lopez-Alonso et al 2007;Tomza-Marciniak et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been reports of dry dog foods providing either insufficient, excessive, or an inappropriate balance of major and trace elements such as Ca, P, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se (Paulelli et al 2018 ; Pereira et al 2018 ; Kazimierska et al 2020 ). Davies et al ( 2017a ) found that a majority of complete wet and dry pet foods sold in the UK were non-compliant according to current European guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and dog characteristics affect major and trace elements in hair and blood of healthy dogs

et al. 2021

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Obtaining correct amounts of essential elements, and avoiding toxic metals are key factors in dog health. Through analyzing major and trace elements in hair and blood of 50 healthy companion dogs using ICP-MS, we study their associations with dog characteristics and diet, hypothesizing that eating the same diet long-term results in strong correlations between hair and blood element concentrations, and that dog characteristics and diet affect element status. The correlation between hair and blood was significant for Hg (R = 0.601, p = 0.000) and Pb (R = 0.384, p = 0.010). The following associations were significant (p < 0.05): Dark hair had higher Ca and Mg compared to light hair. Females had higher hair Zn, blood Mn, and blood As compared to males. Blood Mn and Se increased, while blood Pb decreased with age. Raw diet fed dogs had higher hair Zn and Se compared to dry or mixed diet fed dogs, and lower blood Mn compared to dry diet fed dogs. Dry and mixed diet fed dogs had higher blood Cd compared to raw diet fed dogs. Mixed diet fed dogs had higher hair Ca and Mg compared to raw or dry diet fed dogs, and higher hair Pb compared to dry diet fed dogs. Wild game consumption was associated with higher blood Pb, and rice consumption with higher blood As. In conclusion, hair provides an alternative for assessing Hg and Pb exposure, and major and trace elements status is affected by hair color, sex, age, and diet.

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