“…A detailed comparison between numerical and analytical approaches was recently made for long slopes characterised by spatially variable undrained shear strength (Li et al, 2015). This involved the random finite element method (RFEM) (Fenton & Griffiths, 2008) and a simpler approach developed by Vanmarcke (1977), based on idealising the failure mechanism as a cylindrical surface with additional resistance at both ends. This was later extended (Vanmarcke, 1980) to general drained and undrained cases, for spatially variable C-ϕ soils governed by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.…”