Risk assessment for the reintroduction of anadromous salmonids upstream of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee Dams, Northeastern Washington

Hardiman, Jill M.; Breyta, Rachel; Haskell, Craig A.; Ostberg, Carl O.; Hatten, James R.; Connolly, Patrick J.

doi:10.3133/ofr20171113

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…These effects, and perhaps others like pathogen transmission, can potentially occur at multiple spatial and temporal scales from site-specific effects within watersheds resulting in broader impacts on regional populations. Very few studies have examined potential effects of trap-andhaul on other native species (Hardiman et al 2017;Upper Columbia United Tribes 2019), but such impacts should be considered. Transported salmonids may compete with or prey upon other species and have the potential to introduce pathogens or parasites.…”

Section: Populations: Genetic Phenotypic and Demographic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that trap-and-haul operations have occurred for nearly 100 years in the Pacific Northwest and that there is continued interest in using trap-and-haul at existing and new locations (Clancey et al 2017;Hardiman et al 2017;Herbold et al 2018; Upper Columbia United Tribes 2019), we conducted this review to: (1) summarize information about facility design and operation and the biological effects of trapand-haul in the U.S. Pacific Northwest; (2) identify critical knowledge gaps; and (3) evaluate trap-andhaul as a current and future management tool. To address these objectives, we focused on trap-and-haul operations for Pacific salmonids at dams without volitional fish passage facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Kock

Ferguson

Keefer

et al. 2020

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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High-head dams are migration barriers for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in many river systems and recovery measures for impacted stocks are limited. Trap-and-haul has been widely used in attempts to facilitate recovery but information from existing programs has not been synthesized to inform improvements to aid recovery of salmonids in systems with high-head dams. We reviewed 17 trap-and-haul programs regarding Pacific salmon to: (1) summarize information about facility design, operation and biological effects; (2) identify critical knowledge gaps; and (3) evaluate trap-and-haul as a current and future management tool. Existing programs are operated to address a range of management goals including restoring access to historical habitats, temporarily reducing exposure to dangerous in-river conditions, and reintroducing ecological processes upstream from dams. Information gathered from decades of operation on facility design criteria and fish handling protocols, and robust literature on fish collection and passage are available. While many aspects of trap-and-haul have been evaluated, effects on population productivity and sustainability remain poorly understood. Long-term and systematic studies of trap-and-haul outcomes are rare, and assessments can be confounded by concurrent management actions and broad ecological and climatic effects. Existing data suggest that performance and effectiveness vary among programs and over various time scales within programs. Although critical information gaps exist, trap-and-haul is an important management and conservation tool for providing Pacific salmonids access to historical habitats. Successful application of trap-and-haul programs requires long-term commitment and an adaptive management approach by dam owners and stakeholders, and careful planning of new programs.

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Section: Populations: Genetic Phenotypic and Demographic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Kock

Ferguson

Keefer

et al. 2020

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Threatened and endangered wild fish populations are at even greater risk of adverse outcomes with unintentional pathogen transfer from cultured fish because of small population size, potentially low genetic diversity, and concomitant reduced ability to respond to stochastic pressures (Lively et al 1990;Frankham 2003). Conservation aquaculture programs therefore routinely monitor for pathogens perform pathogen surveillance, and the results of these tests direct the treatment, release, and adaptive management actions for hatchery fish, such as in Silvery Minnow (Woodland 2009) and numerous salmonid species (Brenkman et al 2008;Barry et al 2014;Hardiman et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Molecular Pathogen Screening Assays for Use in Delta Smelt

Gille¹,

Barney²,

Segarra³

et al. 2022

SFEWS

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Pathogen surveillance must be part of any population supplementation or reintroduction program for the conservation of threatened and endangered species. The unintended transmission of pathogens can have devastating effects on these already at-risk populations or the natural ecosystem at large. In the San Francisco Estuary (estuary), abundance of the endemic Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) has declined to the point where regulatory managers are preparing to augment the wild population using fish propagated in a hatchery to prevent species extinction. Although disease is not an overt cause of population decline, comprehensive pathogen presence and prevalence data are lacking. Here, we performed a pilot study that applied molecular assays originally developed in salmonids to assess the presence of a wide variety of pathogens in the gill tissue of cultured and wild Delta Smelt—as well as cultured fish—deployed in enclosures in the estuary. We found the assays to be highly sensitive, and observed positive detections of a single pathogen, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, in 13% of cultured Delta Smelt. We also detected ten other pathogens at very low levels in cultured, enclosure-deployed, and wild Delta Smelt that likely represent the ambient pathogen composition in the estuary (as opposed to actual infection). Our results corroborate previous work that cultured Delta Smelt do not appear to present a high risk for pathogen transmission during population supplementation or reintroduction. However, the molecular pathogen screening assays tested here have great utility as an early warning system indicator of when further diagnostic testing might be necessary to limit the extent and frequency of disease outbreaks; their utility will be further increased once they are customized for Delta Smelt.

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“…Given the severity of disease caused by IHNV in economically and ecologically significant salmonids, detection of the virus is reportable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) and many state, tribal, and provincial North American natural resource agencies [ 9 , 10 ]. Within the Columbia and Snake Rivers, both U and M genogroups of IHNV are likely to occur in salmonid populations each year but not all watersheds have both U and M detections [ 11 , 12 ]. Strains belonging to the M genogroup of IHNV are highly lethal to rainbow trout and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Diagnostic Test to Detect and Discriminate Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) Genogroups U and M to Aid Management of Pacific Northwest Salmonid Populations

Batts

Capps

Crosson

et al. 2022

Animals

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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast region, where these genogroups pose different risks depending on the species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). For certain management decisions, there is a need to both test for IHNV presence and rapidly determine the genogroup. Herein, we report the development and validation of a U/M multiplex reverse transcription, real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The new U/M RT-rPCR is a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable assay capable of specifically discriminating between North American U and M genogroup IHNV isolates. However, one M genogroup isolate obtained from commercially cultured Idaho rainbow trout (O. mykiss) showed reduced sensitivity with the RT-rPCR test, suggesting caution may be warranted before applying RT-rPCR as the sole surveillance test in areas associated with the Idaho trout industry. The new U/M assay had high diagnostic sensitivity (DSe > 94%) and specificity (DSp > 97%) in free-ranging adult Pacific salmon, when assessed relative to cell culture, the widely accepted reference standard, as well as the previously validated universal N RT-rPCR test. The high diagnostic performance of the new U/M assay indicates the test is suitable for surveillance, diagnosis, and confirmation of IHNV in Pacific salmon from the Pacific Northwest regions where the U and M genogroups overlap.

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Risk assessment for the reintroduction of anadromous salmonids upstream of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee Dams, Northeastern Washington

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems

Investigation of Molecular Pathogen Screening Assays for Use in Delta Smelt

Rapid Diagnostic Test to Detect and Discriminate Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) Genogroups U and M to Aid Management of Pacific Northwest Salmonid Populations

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