Risk assessment for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: According to on-treatment viral response during long-term lamivudine therapy in hepatitis B virus-related liver disease

TGF-β signal shifting between tumor suppression and fibro-carcinogenesis in human chronic liver diseases

“…These oral antiviral agents are effective in restoring liver function and improving survival in patients with cirrhosis, especially when therapy is initiated early [82][83][84]. However, convincing effects preventing HCC development have yet to be demonstrated [85][86][87]. One possible explanation is that genetic events in some hepatocytes in cirrhotic nodules may have occurred before initiation of anti-viral therapy [88].…”

The suppressive effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients

“…No significant difference was observed between the two different response groups among noncirrhotic patients (0% vs 4% at 5 years, P = 0.144). Eun et al 29 examined the relationship between the HCC incidence and the virological response among patients receiving LAM treatment. Failure to attain persistently negative HBV-DNA (<0.5 pg/mL, 0.5 pg/mL is equivalent to approximately 5.15 LC/mL) was indicated to be independently associated with HCC incidence, along with older age, liver cirrhosis, and lower platelet counts by multivariate analysis.…”

Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus: Decreasing indication and changing trends

“…A randomized study conducted by Liaw et al [31] demon- strated that lamivudine therapy for a median of 32 mo resulted in a decrease in the incidence of HCC in patients with advanced fibrosis, but not in patients with decompensated liver disease. Other studies have similarly failed to show any protective effect of lamivudine against the development of HCC in patients with decompensated liver disease [32,33] . The limitations of these studies include their relatively short follow-up periods and small sample sizes.…”