“…Rungskunroch et al [7] present a more comprehensive classification with seven groups, including driver error, signal operator error, infrastructure failure, equipment failure, human error, natural causes, and contributory factors. Szacillo et al [8] propose nine factors, encompassing risk assessment at level crossings [9,10], causes of railway accidents [11], [12], [13], and the reliability of railway infrastructure [14,15,16,17].…”