Risk Assessment for National Transportation of Selected Hazardous Materials

Abstract

A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to estimate the national risk from transporting (a) six toxic-by-inhalation (TIH) chemicals that account for more than 90 percent of total TIH transportation-related risk, (b) liquefied petroleum gas, (c) gasoline, and (d) explosives. For TIH materials, highway and rail transportation and two classes of incidents are examined, those occurring (a) during a traffic accident or train derailment and (b) en route from origin to destination but not during an accident or derailment. For the other toxic materials, only accident-related incidents in highway transportation are considered, because these materials are dominated by highway incidents. An overview is provided of the hazardous materials and their consequences, the risk assessment method, the databases used to determine hazardous materials commodity flow and incident rate, and study results. To illustrate the method used, the risk assessment for ammonia is discussed. Risk distributions and quantitative risk measures for additional materials as calculated in the study are also presented, and conclusions drawn from these results are discussed. This study has demonstrated the capability to evaluate the national risk of transporting certain hazardous materials. The risk distributions provide valuable information on the probability of certain effects in a given time period, whereas risk measures provide a convenient way to compare relative risk for different commodities, transportation modes, and incident types.

A novel fuzzy bi-objective vehicle routing and scheduling problem with time window constraint for a distribution system: A case study

“…In Section 3.2, the framework of estimating high-level risks by the Fuzzy Inference System and Fuzzy FMEA is explained. Despite the previous studies that focus on the simple risk calculation methods [39][40][41], the proposed framework introduces the new method to identify and rank the high-level risks imposed on the transportation system of hazardous products for the first time. Also, the reason for using fuzzy FMEA in the proposed procedure is that the efficiency of this tool in risk calculation is proved by many studies before [42][43][44][45].…”

A Tactical Planning Model for Railroad Transportation of Dangerous Goods

“…Recently, Zhang et al (2000) modeled the probability of an undesirable consequence as a function of the concentration level through a GPM model. On the other hand, the application of dense-gas dispersion model and Lagrangian-integral dispersion model can be seen in Leeming and Saccomanno (1994) and Hwang et al (2001), respectively.…”

Hazardous Materials Transportation

“…Table 2a. A classification of hazmat transportation models -risk assesment Road Jonkman et al, 2003;Nardini et al, 2003;Martinez-Alegria et al, 2003 G ;Rosmuller and Van Gelder, 2003;Abkowitz, 2002 C ;Fabiano et al, 2002;Kimberly and Killmer, 2002;Saccomanno and Haastrup, 2002 N ;Hollister, 2002;Hwang et al, 2001;Abkowitz et al, 2001;Verter and Kara, 2001 G ;Efroymson and Murphy, 2000;ICF Consulting, 2000;Leonelli et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2000 G ;Pet-Armacost et al, 1999;Cassini, 1998;Mills and Neuhauser, 1998;Cutter and Ji, 1997;Groothuis and Miller, 1997;Lovett et al, 1997 G ;Pine and Marx, 1997;Alp and Zelensky, 1996;Ertugrul, 1995;Sissell, 1995;Chakraborty and Armstrong, 1995;Erkut and Verter, 1995a U ;Erkut and Verter, 1995b;Moore et al, 1995 G ;Spadoni et al, 1995;Verter and Erkut, 1995 U ;Gregory and Lichtenstein, 1994;Macgregor et al, 1994;Hobeika and Kim, 1993;Sandquist et al, 1993;Harwood et al, 1993;Abkowitz et al, 1992;Glickman, 1991;Grenney et al, 1990 DSS ;…”