Risk assessment for aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia

Välimäki, Maritta; Hätönen, Heli; Kontio, Raija; Zhang, Shuying

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012397

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Acute schizophrenia is a kind of schizophrenia with acute onset and short course, which is mainly characterized by positive symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, behavior disorders and agitation [ 3 ]. Patients with acute schizophrenia are often destructive and dangerous to themselves and others [ 4 ]. At present, a few atypical antipsychotics are clinically used to treat schizophrenia given to better therapeutic efficacies to manage positive symptoms and improve the cognitive function of the patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast In Vitro Release and In Vivo Absorption of an Anti-Schizophrenic Drug Paliperidone from Its Soluplus®/TPGS Mixed Micelles

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study was to develop a drug delivery system for paliperidone (PPD) in order to provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for patients with acute schizophrenia. PPD-loaded Soluplus®/TPGS mixed micelles (PPD-S/T-MM) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of blank S/T-MM was 4.77 × 10−2 mg/mL. PPD presented much higher solubility in PPD-S/T-MM formulation than that in pure water. The particle size of blank or drug loaded S/T-MM was around 60 nm. The polydispersity index (PDI) was less than 0.1. PPD-S/T-MM presented a nearly spherical shape under transmission electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of PPD-S/T-MM was higher than 94%. Based on the analysis of XRD and DSC, it was proved that PPD was incorporated in the core of the mixed micelles as amorphous dispersion or solid solution. PPD-S/T-MM were stable when they were undergoing dilution with water and the change of environmental pH. Although PPD-S/T-MM showed lower rates to release PPD than those from PPD raw material in acidic solution, they provided faster release rates in neutral conditions than those from PPD raw material who only showed modest dissolution in the same neutral condition. This proves that PPD-S/T-MM can release PPD in a more controlled manner. After oral administration of PPD-S/T-MM (dose of PPD, 6 mg/kg) in rats, the plasma concentration of PPD increased rapidly: Tmax was 0.83 ± 0.29 h, and Cmax was 844.33 ± 93.73 ng/mL. Oral administration of PPD suspension resulted in longer Tmax and lower Cmax. The relative oral bioavailability was about 158% for PPD-S/T-MM over PPD suspension. These findings confirm that PPD-S/T-MM can provide faster release in neutral conditions and better oral absorption in rats than those from PPD raw material, which should potentially benefit patients with acute schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast In Vitro Release and In Vivo Absorption of an Anti-Schizophrenic Drug Paliperidone from Its Soluplus®/TPGS Mixed Micelles

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, this investigation did not disentangle the effects of the risk assessment from the effects of shared care planning, which were implemented concurrently in the intervention groups. There are efforts under way to summarize the effects of violence risk assessment on aggressive behavior in patients with schizophrenia (Välimäki, Lantta, Hätönen, Kontio, & Zhang, 2016), but the current evidence supporting risk assessment as an intervention in and of itself is limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Commentary: Risk Assessment in the Age of Evidence-Based Practice and Policy

Desmarais

2017

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

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Risk assessment has come to be recognized as a key component of evidence-based practice and policy in psychiatric and correctional agencies. At the same time, however, there is significant debate in scientific, policy, and public arenas regarding the role of risk assessment instruments in mental health and criminal justice decision-making, and questions regarding the level of evidence supporting their usefulness. It is in light of these conflicting realities that the current commentary considers Williams, Wormith, Bonta and Sitarenios’ (2017) re-examination of the Singh, Grann, and Fazel (2011) meta-analysis and recommendations made in “The Use of Meta-Analysis to Compare and Select Offender Risk Instruments.” Additional limitations in the extant risk assessment research are identified and their implications for evidence-based practice and policy are discussed.

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