Risk as reward: Reinforcement sensitivity theory and psychopathic personality perspectives on everyday risk-taking

Satchell, Liam; Bacon, Alison M.; Firth, J. L.; Corr, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.039

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Satchell et al . () refer to these as Future BAS as they reflect the movement towards a future reward. We predicted these traits would influence academic dishonesty indirectly via study processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reward Reactivity (RR; action taken to claim the reward) and Impulsivity can be thought of as Now BAS (Satchell et al ., ) as they reflect an ‘of the moment’ response. In motivating an individual to approach a goal, a tendency towards Impulsivity can result in a lack of self‐restraint and this has previously been associated with cheating (DeAndrea, et al ., ; Miller et al ., ), as well as wider dishonest behaviours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although distinct factors (Sharma, Markon, & Clark, ), both Impulsivity (e.g., (Maneiro, Gómez‐Fraguela, Cutrín, & Romero, ) and sensation seeking (e.g., Peach & Gaultney, ) have been consistently linked with antisocial and delinquent behaviours, especially in adolescence and young adulthood. Satchell, Bacon, Firth, and Corr () have summarized GDP and RI traits together as ‘Future BAS’ whereas they refer to RR and Impulsivity as ‘Now BAS’ (page 166). While Future BAS is forward focussed, Now BAS is immediate and short term and more directly related to antisocial behaviour (Bacon, Corr, & Satchell, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… (1)RST factors will account for additional variance in the likelihood of engaging in academic dishonesty over and above that explained by perceptions that dishonesty is serious and prevalent. (2a)BAS factors which are future goal related (RI, GDP) will not show a significant direct relationship with AD per se. However, (2b)A mediating influence of deep motivation will result in a negative indirect effect, whereas a mediating influence of surface or achieving study process will result in a positive indirect effect. (3a)Response Reactivity and Impulsivity (‘Now BAS’ factors, Satchell et al ., ) will present a positive association with dishonesty. (3b)These effects will be moderated such that the relationship will be strengthened in the presence of a high level of surface or achieving study process. (4a)BIS and FFFS will present a negative direct association with dishonesty. (4b)A moderating effect of surface or achieving study process will result in a positive association. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3a). Response Reactivity and Impulsivity ('Now BAS' factors, Satchell et al, 2018) will present a positive association with dishonesty. (3b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What motivates academic dishonesty in students? A reinforcement sensitivity theory explanation

Bacon

McDaid

Williams

et al. 2019

Brit J of Edu Psychol

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Background Academic dishonesty (AD) is an increasing challenge for universities worldwide. The rise of the Internet has further increased opportunities for students to cheat. Aims In this study, we investigate the role of personality traits defined within Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) as potential determinants of AD. RST defines behaviour as resulting from approach (Reward Interest/reactivity, goal‐drive, and Impulsivity) and avoidance (behavioural inhibition and Fight–Flight–Freeze) motivations. We further consider the role of deep, surface, or achieving study motivations in mediating/moderating the relationship between personality and AD. Sample A sample of UK undergraduates (N = 240). Method All participants completed the RST Personality Questionnaire, a short‐form version of the study process questionnaire and a measure of engagement in AD, its perceived prevalence, and seriousness. Results Results showed that RST traits account for additional variance in AD. Mediation analysis suggested that GDP predicted dishonesty indirectly via a surface study approach while the indirect effect via deep study processes suggested dishonesty was not likely. Likelihood of engagement in AD was positively associated with personality traits reflecting Impulsivity and Fight–Flight–Freeze behaviours. Surface study motivation moderated the Impulsivity effect and achieving motivation the FFFS effect such that cheating was even more likely when high levels of these processes were used. Conclusions The findings suggest that motivational personality traits defined within RST can explain variance in the likelihood of engaging in dishonest academic behaviours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3a). Response Reactivity and Impulsivity ('Now BAS' factors, Satchell et al, 2018) will present a positive association with dishonesty. (3b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What motivates academic dishonesty in students? A reinforcement sensitivity theory explanation

Bacon

McDaid

Williams

et al. 2019

Brit J of Edu Psychol

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Examination of associations between psychopathy and neural reinforcement sensitivity theory constructs

Dickison,

Neo,

McNaughton

et al. 2024

Personality & Mental Health

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We investigated psychopathy from the neurobiological perspective of reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST). In contrast to previous semantically derived self‐report scales, we operationalised RST systems neurally with evoked electroencephalography (EEG). Participants were from a community sample weighted towards externalising psychopathology. We compared the Carver & White Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioural Approach System (BAS) scales with EEG responses associated with RST's systems of goal conflict (aka ‘behavioural inhibition’), repulsion/outcome conflict (aka ‘fight/flight/freeze’) and attraction (aka ‘approach’). Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis yielded results generally consistent with past literature for associations between psychopathy and the self‐report BIS/BAS scales. There were some differences from self‐report associations with neural measures of RST. With EEG measures, (1) no meaningful associations were observed between any psychopathy scales and the attraction system; (2) affective‐interpersonal traits of psychopathy were negatively associated with goal conflict; (3) disinhibition‐behavioural traits of psychopathy were negatively associated with goal conflict but, unexpectedly, positively associated with outcome conflict. These results indicate frontal‐temporal‐limbic circuit dysfunction in psychopathy as specific domains were linked to neural deficits in goal conflict processing, but there was no evidence for deficits in attraction‐related processes.

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Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Harper

Satchell

Fido

et al. 2020

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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122

1,227

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In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N = 324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises.

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Risk as reward: Reinforcement sensitivity theory and psychopathic personality perspectives on everyday risk-taking

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

What motivates academic dishonesty in students? A reinforcement sensitivity theory explanation

What motivates academic dishonesty in students? A reinforcement sensitivity theory explanation

Examination of associations between psychopathy and neural reinforcement sensitivity theory constructs

Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic

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