Risk and vulnerability in social assistance receipt of young adults in Finland

Ilmakunnas, Ilari

doi:10.1111/ijsw.12273

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Driessen and Smit (2007) showed that there is a connection between immigrant parents' societal participation and cognitive outcome measures, such as the children's language and mathematics skills. It also seems that having only a basic education is more harmful for those have a disadvantaged social background (Ilmakunnas, 2018). Therefore, it is essential to determine adult asylum seekers' educational needs.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Between heaven and hell’: Subjective well‐being of asylum seekers

et al. 2020

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Nearly 1.4 million asylum seekers arrived in Europe in 2015. With an unprecedented 822% increase in the number of asylum applicants, Finland experienced the largest increase in applicants than any other European country that year. In this study, we investigated asylum seekers' experienced subjective well-being (ExSWB) construct in comparison with their evaluated subjective well-being (EvSWB) construct. A mixed methods approach with convergent design was adopted for the study, which combined quantitative data on asylum seekers' (n = 181) ExSWB and EvSWB with qualitative data on the elements of ExSWB and EvSWB. The findings point at a limbus phase in asylum seekers' livelihood transition between the borders for international protection in Finland. The Cantril self-anchoring striving scale was used by the participants to describe this passage ritual of ambiguity. Furthermore, we also found gender differences related to coping and subjective well-being, which supports previous findings on asylum seekers' well-being. Key Practitioner Message: • The concept of the limbus phase of the asylum seeker livelihood transition is useful for describing asylum seekers' experiences while waiting for an asylum decision; • Asylum seeker SWB is closely related to status dissonance, separation and capitals, causing anxiety, worry and fear, and inflicting cognitive disruption; • Equal, institutional-level functions should be organised in the reception centre for easing the anxiety related to the asylumseeking process.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Between heaven and hell’: Subjective well‐being of asylum seekers

et al. 2020

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“…Bäckman and Bergmark () reviewed the findings of earlier research by stating that male sex, being a single adult, ethnic minority status, low educational achievement, substance abuse, low employability, and poor physical and mental health were found to be predictors of low social assistance exit rates. Some studies have concentrated especially on social assistance receipt among young adults (Ilmakunnas, ; Kauppinen et al, ; Lorentzen et al, ; Wiborg & Møberg, ). Moving out of the parental home has been shown to be a strong predictor of social assistance receipt in the Nordic countries (Kauppinen et al, ; Lorentzen et al, ).…”

Section: Life Course and Social Assistance Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young single parents are at risk of social assistance receipt (Lorentzen et al, ) and long‐term receipt in particular (Kauppinen et al, ). Among young adults, low education is an important predictor of social assistance receipt (Ilmakunnas, ; Lorentzen et al, ; Wiborg & Møberg, ). Earlier studies have also illustrated that disadvantaged social background is associated with social assistance receipt (Hyggen, ; Ilmakunnas, ; Kauppinen et al, ; Lorentzen et al, ; Wiborg & Møberg, ).…”

Section: Life Course and Social Assistance Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among young adults, low education is an important predictor of social assistance receipt (Ilmakunnas, ; Lorentzen et al, ; Wiborg & Møberg, ). Earlier studies have also illustrated that disadvantaged social background is associated with social assistance receipt (Hyggen, ; Ilmakunnas, ; Kauppinen et al, ; Lorentzen et al, ; Wiborg & Møberg, ). Kauppinen et al () found out that disadvantaged social background was a significant predictor for both short‐ and long‐term spells of social assistance among young adults in Finland.…”

Section: Life Course and Social Assistance Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social assistance trajectories among young adults in Finland: What are the determinants of welfare dependency?

Ilmakunnas

Moisio

2018

Soc Policy Adm

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Social assistance receipt is typical among young adults, but the long‐term trajectories of social assistance receipt have been less studied. We use Finnish population register data to study the kinds of social assistance trajectories found among young adults. We also analyze how individual and family characteristics are associated with the likelihood of following different social assistance trajectories. Individuals are followed from the age of 19 to 25. According to the results, social assistance receipt is relatively common among young adults but spell duration is usually short. Around 35% receive social assistance at least once between the ages of 19 and 25, and 2.5% receive social assistance each year. Using latent class growth analysis, we estimated six trajectories based on the annual number of social assistance months: (1) no receipt; (2) transitory; (3) slow exit; (4) occasional; (5) increase; and (6) dependency. Almost 4% of young adults follow the “dependency” trajectory. The results from multinomial logistic regression indicate that having only a short education is a particularly strong predictor of social assistance dependency. Parental social assistance receipt and moving out of the parental home at a young age are also significant predictors of social assistance receipt.

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“…The negative impact of childhood economic disadvantage on children's later wellbeing has been documented extensively over past decades (e.g., Hansen, 2008;Holzer, Schanzenbach, Duncan, & Ludwig, 2007;Ilmakunnas, 2018;Mayer, 1997;McLoyd, 1998;Saraceno, 2002). When comparing children from more affluent families to children living in low-income families, earlier studies have found that children growing up in poverty are more likely, for example, to have health, behavioural, and emotional problems; to drop out of school; to have low academic achievement; and a risk of an intergenerational cycle of welfare receipt (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and duration of social assistance receipt during childhood on early adult outcomes

Ristikari

Merikukka

Hakovirta

2018

LLCS

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The experience of economic disadvantage during childhood is a major predictor of a variety of negative outcomes during early adulthood. This study provides evidence on the significance of timing of social assistance receipt during childhood on children's later adjustment problems. The study uses data from the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort (FBC), which covered all children born in Finland in 1987 (N=59476) and followed them until the age of 25. The data were gathered from Finnish registers that cover health and sociodemographic data for cohort members and their parents. Altogether 11,062 female (38.1%) and 11,537 male (37.9%) cohort members had parents who had received social assistance. Social assistance receipt during childhood increased the risk for all measured adjustment problems: early school leaving (OR 2.37), conviction (OR 1.87), teenage pregnancy (OR 1.89) and mental disorders (OR 1.68) even when adjusting for several social background variables. Economic disadvantage during early childhood (0-2 years) was found to associate with highest risk; all measured adjustment problems compared to exposure to poverty later in childhood. The study concludes that early childhood is a period in which children acquire cognitive and social competencies that form the basis for future wellbeing. Our analysis, based on a total nation-wide birth cohort, indicates that economic disadvantage in early childhood poses the most significant risk for later adjustment problems.

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Risk and vulnerability in social assistance receipt of young adults in Finland

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

‘Between heaven and hell’: Subjective well‐being of asylum seekers

‘Between heaven and hell’: Subjective well‐being of asylum seekers

Social assistance trajectories among young adults in Finland: What are the determinants of welfare dependency?

Timing and duration of social assistance receipt during childhood on early adult outcomes

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