Risk and protective factors of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in paediatric obesity: A nationwide nested case–control study

Abstract

Not all children with obesity carry a similar risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effect of obesity severity, metabolic risk parameters, and obesity treatment outcome on later risk of NAFLD in paediatric obesity. We conducted a nested case-control study of children and adolescents enrolled in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS) (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016). NAFLD was ascertained from the National Patient Register. Five controls per case were matched by sex and age at index date and at the obesity treatment initiation. Seventy-six pairs (n cases = 76, n controls = 241) were included in the analysis (29% females, mean age at obesity treatment initiation was 10.8 ± 3.07 years). Mean age of NAFLD diagnosis was 14.2 ± 3.07 years. The risk for NAFLD increased with severe obesity (odds

Prediction of insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using serum uric acid and related markers in children and adolescents

“…In a pediatric study, OR for children with BMI SDS above 3 was 2.56 compared to those with 2 ≤ BMI-SDS < 3 [32]. In a nationwide study, OR per BMI SDS unit was 4.67 for NAFLD risk among children with obesity [33]. Especially, Uacid-WHtR was powerful predictor for NAFLD in our study.…”

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad infantil: revisión sistemática

“…La pérdida de peso relativa de al menos 0,25 unidades de IMC SDS reduce el riesgo de NAFLD independientemente de otros factores de riesgo (OR: 0,09, IC del 95%: 0,01-0,56). La obesidad severa, la alteración de la glucosa en ayunas y los triglicéridos elevados son factores de riesgo para una futura NAFLD en la obesidad pediátrica (Putri et al, 2021).…”

Pediatric obesity—Long‐term consequences and effect of weight loss

“…Among teenagers who have undergone gastric bypass, transaminases are normalized 5 years past surgery [ 61 ]. One recent study has shown that a weight loss of 0.25 BMI standard deviation score or z‐score (SDS) units almost eliminates the long‐term risk for future NAFLD in pediatric years [ 117 ]. Similarly, despite childhood obesity being associated with increased risk for adult NAFLD, the increased risk can be largely reduced by obtaining a normal adult BMI [ 118 ].…”