Risk and Protective Factors for Bullying at 11 Years of Age in a Spanish Birth Cohort Study

Abstract

(1) Background: Bullying affects a large number of children worldwide. This study has two objectives, to provide data on the prevalence of bullying in Spain, and to identify risk and protective factors associated with bullying. (2) Methods: Participants were 858 eleven-year-old children. Bullying was assessed using a short version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire, and the following data were gathered to explore potential predictors: individual (inattention, behavior problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, traumatic life events), family-related (sociodemographic characteristics, family context, child-parent relations), school-related (school characteristics, peer and social support, school environment) and community-related data. (3) Results: 9.3% of the children were victims, 1.4% bullies and 1.6% bully-victims. Results showed that a higher level of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology increased the risk of victimization, whereas having better relationships with parents and stronger social support were associated with a lower risk of victimization. Children having strong peer relationships and social support was also associated with less risk of perpetrating bullying. Finally, having behavior problems at 8 years of age was associated with being a bully-victim. (4) Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of studying all bullying predictors together, regarding three of the roles children may take in bullying situations.

Disminución de la ansiedad en las víctimas del bullying durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19

“…Un estudio realizado durante el confinamiento de COVID 19 ha mostrado que los bajos niveles de depresión y de estrés postraumático están asociados al apoyo familiar, pero no al apoyo de otras personas significativas, como amigos o parejas (Lee et al, 2018). Compartir más tiempo con los cuidadores, dialogar con ellos para comprender y aliviar la ansiedad y el establecer patrones de vida equilibrados, como las horas de sueño, puede aumentar el sentimiento de cohesión, seguridad y apoyo familiar y social y fortalecer la resiliencia tanto en adolescentes victimizados como en los que no lo han sido (Babarro et al, 2020;Guessoum, 2020). Además, se ha demostrado que en situaciones donde se necesita la colaboración de todos, como en tiempos de guerra, se refuerza el sentimiento de utilidad y de pertenencia al grupo y disminuye el número de suicidios (Chu et al, 2017).…”

The Relationship Between The Characteristics Of School-Age Children And The Incidence Of Bullying At SDN 31 Bontoraja

“…Dalam survey yang dilakukn pada tahun 2009-2010 menunjukkan hasil bahwa di negara Eropa, Canada, dan USA didapatkan prevalensi kejadian bulying sekitar 2% smpai 32% dan sekitar 1% sampai 26% dalam kasus perbatan bullying (Babarro, 2020).…”

“…Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggitingkat attenion deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatolog meningkatkan risiko bullying,sedangkan sampel yang memiliki hubungn yang l baik dengan orang tua dan dukungan sosial yang kuat memiliki risiko terkena bulying yang lebih rendah. Kemudian untuk anak-anak yang memiliki hubngan teman sebaya yang kuat dan dukungan sosial yang tinggi juga meiliki resiko yang lebih rendah untuk terkena bullying (Babarro et al, 2020).…”

School Bullying and Association with Somatic Complaints in Victimized Children: Authors’ Reply

“…In fact, there are several risk and protective factors at the individual, family, school, and community level that are dynamically linked to the child's psychosocial response to experiences of victimization and being an aggressor. Some of the risk factors include presence of a neurodevelopmental disorder, low socioeconomic status, poor parental mental health, and family conflict [4]. Research has also identified several protective factors including prosociality, good academic grades, and a positive school climate [4].…”

“…Some of the risk factors include presence of a neurodevelopmental disorder, low socioeconomic status, poor parental mental health, and family conflict [4]. Research has also identified several protective factors including prosociality, good academic grades, and a positive school climate [4]. Since school bullying has grave consequences for both victims and perpetrators [5], it is imperative that schools implement effective violence prevention programs that help in early identification and prevention of school bullying.…”