Risk and effectiveness criteria for using on-product warnings

McCarthy, Roger L.; Ayres, Thomas J.; Wood, Christine T.; Robinson, Jill

doi:10.1080/00140139508925260

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although warning design has not been a focal topic of this research, its approaches may complement those described elsewhere in this special issue and the warning literature more generally (Laughery, Wogalter, & Young, 1995). It seems compatible with some emerging trends in the warning literature itself (Edworthy & Adams, 1996;McCarthy, Ayres, & Wood, 1995, Papastavrou & Lehto, 1996.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

What information belongs in a warning?

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

supporting

confidence: 81%

What information belongs in a warning?

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The instructions for measuring grade are not detailed enough for the average user to determine if a slope is permissible for power buggy use and no feedback is provided to the operator by the equipment itself. According to one study on warning effectiveness, "one of the most potent influences on the effectiveness of a warning is the cost of compliance" (McCarthy, Ayres, & Wood, 1995, p. 2167. Even the amount of time required to read a warning contributes to the cost of compliance.…”

Section: Summary Of Findings and Opinionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Buggy Catastrophe

Borzendowski¹,

Campbell²,

Funcik³

2015

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research suggests that while humans may be able to accurately assess whether or not slopes are traversable by foot, they are not as skilled at estimating the grade of slopes in degrees or percentages. This finding has practical implications for users of heavy power equipment who may operate such equipment on sloped terrain. Specifically, users who are unable to accurately estimate the grade of a slope where they plan to operate power equipment may put themselves in a dangerous position if the grade of such a slope exceeds the maximum permissible grade for safe equipment operation. In the present case a worker operated a power buggy on a slope that exceeded what was recommended by the manufacturer for operation. The operator was subsequently thrown from the equipment and was ultimate rendered a quadriplegic. We describe the method and results of a study conducted by our human factors personnel to determine the accuracy with which the "average" person is able to estimate and measure the grade of a slope. The implications of these findings for the present case are discussed. Additionally, the importance of adequate instructions, warnings, and feedback in the context of this unfortunate incident are discussed.

show abstract

“…There are no standard criteria for deciding which hazards might lead to injury in the absence of a warning. Thus, any hazard with the potential for injury requires a warning (McCarthy et al, 1995). Warnings are intended to communicate http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.04.020 0925-7535/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…information regarding potential hazards and means for avoiding them, but warnings can also be thought of as reminders that a hazard is present (Lesch, 2003). Although warnings do not represent the best method of hazard control because they do not always accomplish their intended effects (Conzola and Wogalter, 2001), they should be used primarily when they are most likely to change safety-related behavior (McCarthy et al, 1995). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's Council of Ministers and Parliament support the use of warning labels for certain products (Rice, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%