Risk and Adverse Outcome Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children: A Hospital-Based Study in Odisha

Das, Kedarnath; Das, Swarnalata; Mohapatra, Suchismita; Swain, Arakhita; Mohakud, Nirmal Kumar

doi:10.7759/cureus.18364

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The recovery rate of the current study is lower than the Sphere Standard acceptable ranges (mortality < 3%, default < 15%, and recovered > 75%), 37 and to what is reported by several studies of the same nature. 38–42 However, it is comparable to other studies reporting recovery rates from SAM. 43–47 The conflicts of the recovery rates are attributed to the difference in settings where the OTP program was offered which is not the same in various healthcare settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Its Determinants Among Paediatric Patients in Quetta City, Pakistan

Ahmed,

Umar,

Saleem

et al. 2023

JMDH

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Purpose Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most prevalent reason for admission to a paediatric unit, and it is a leading cause of mortality in many countries, including Pakistan. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months with severe acute malnutrition. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program Centre established at the Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical Complex Quetta. Out of 225 patients’ records, data from 182 (80.8%) records were analysed based on the inclusion criteria. The SAM logbook was used as a source of data. Predictors of treatment outcomes were identified by applying a regression model with p<0.05 taken as significant. Results One hundred and twenty (65.9%) of the children were diagnosed with SAM, while the remaining 34.1% had Moderate Acute Malnutrition. Ninety-five (52.2%) children were included in the marasmus, while 47.8% were included in the Kwashiorkor cohort. The recovery rate was 68.6%; 22.5% were non-responsive, 11% defaulted on the program, and 3.5% died during management. The multivariate logistic regression identified the presence of diarrhea and the use of amoxicillin as significant prognosticators of treatment outcomes. Consequently, the odds of recovery on SAM among children with diarrhea [AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: (0.35–0.75)] were lower than those without diarrhea. Likewise, children on PO amoxicillin had higher chances of recovery [AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: (2.21–4.68)]. Conclusion This study found that the recovery rate among children treated for SAM was poor based on the established Sphere Standard recommendation. In addition to community-based educational campaigns, capacity enhancement of OTP and frequent monitoring of services as well as program evaluation based on the management protocol is recommended to reduce the frequency of SAM among children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Its Determinants Among Paediatric Patients in Quetta City, Pakistan

Ahmed,

Umar,

Saleem

et al. 2023

JMDH

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Risk factors associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 6 – 59 months in the Mokolo Health District, Far North region of Cameroon

Ndah,

Maffo Tazoho,

Youssa

et al. 2024

Nor. Afr. J. Food Nutr. Res.

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Background: Childhood malnutrition remains a pressing public health concern in Cameroon particularly in the Far North region, where 5.2% of children under the age of five suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and 38.2% experience stunted growth. Chronic poverty, household food insecurity, lack of education and inadequate healthcare infrastructure contribute significantly to this alarming prevalence. This study aims to contribute to the mitigation of malnutrition in the Far North Region of Cameroon by identifying specific risk factors associated with SAM among children aged 6 – 59 months in the Mokolo health district. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 150 participants who met the inclusion criteria, employing consecutive sampling methodology. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview with participants, supplemented by a comprehensive assessment of hygienic practices and food security within the community. Bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were utilized to explore determinants of SAM. Independent variables with p values ≤ 0.05 were considered significantly associated with the nutritional status of children. Results: Gastroenteritis, Adjusted Odd Ration (AOR) = 12.3 (5.5 – 27.5, p < 0.001), malaria AOR = 6.2 (2.8 – 13.8, p < 0.006) and pneumonia AOR = 6.7 (1.3 – 34.4, p = 0.01) emerged as specific comorbidities associated with SAM. Moreover, late introduction of complementary feeding AOR = 2.98 (1.36 – 6.53, p = 0.014), low food diversification AOR = 5.3 (2.5 – 11.8, p < 0.001) and the use of unhygienic traditional concoctions AOR = 2.8 (1.4 – 5.6, p = 0.004) were identified as significant risk factors. Furthermore, 63.3% of the participants reported inadequate access to safe drinking water (e.g., boreholes, wells, and streams) and 46.7% of caretakers had no formal education. Conclusion: In addition to malaria, pneumonia and gastroenteritis, poor nutritional and hygienic practices serve as specific determinants of SAM. Addressing these challenges requires urgent attention to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6 – 59 months emphasizing nutrition education alongside comprehensive multi-sectorial interventions. Key words: Risk factors, Severe Acute Malnutrition, Children aged 6-59 months, Mokolo, Far-North Cameroon.

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Risk and Adverse Outcome Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children: A Hospital-Based Study in Odisha

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Its Determinants Among Paediatric Patients in Quetta City, Pakistan

Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Its Determinants Among Paediatric Patients in Quetta City, Pakistan

Risk factors associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 6 – 59 months in the Mokolo Health District, Far North region of Cameroon

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