Rising HIV cases in Pakistan: Start of a pandemic?

Rangwala, Hussain Sohail; Anwar, Zainab; Ovais, Muhammad Haziq; Fatima, Hareer; Siddiq, Mohammad Arham

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104791

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

2022

DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104791

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Rising HIV cases in Pakistan: Start of a pandemic?

Hussain Sohail Rangwala¹,

Zainab Anwar²,

Muhammad Haziq Ovais³

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…1 Pakistan is the second largest Asian country with HIV cases according to a 2022 study that marked 200 000 cases. 2 Pakistan has experienced a total of seven HIV outbreaks since its first HIV case in 1987. Most of these outbreaks were attributed to iatrogenic transmission and injection drug use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV in Pakistan: Understanding Challenges and Implementing Strategies for Prevention

Ejaz,

Ahmad,

Shahbaz

et al. 2024

Asia Pac J Public Health

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Pakistan is the second largest Asian country with HIV cases according to a 2022 study that marked 200 000 cases. 2…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV in Pakistan: Understanding Challenges and Implementing Strategies for Prevention

Ejaz,

Ahmad,

Shahbaz

et al. 2024

Asia Pac J Public Health

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“…Although the rest of the Asia-Pacific region had a decrease in the incidence by 31% from 2000 to 2014, the incidence increased in Pakistan. 4 According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates, there were 97, 000 people living with HIV (PLWH) in Pakistan and HIV prevalence was 0.1% in the adult population in 2009. 2 By June 2022, the prevalence doubled (0.2%) and there are estimated 210,000 adult PLWH in Pakistan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nation-wide surveillance programs to estimate the disease burden, massive testing and treatment, and short-term prevention strategies will allow Pakistan in combating a potentially deadly outbreak soon. 4…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pakistan’s battle against HIV

2023

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Iranian Treatment-experienced Individuals

Bokharaei-Salim,

Khanaliha,

Monavari

et al. 2024

CHR

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection still remains a global health threat. While antiretroviral therapy is the primary treatment option, concerns about the emergence of drug-resistance mutations and treatment failure in HIV-infected patients persist. Objective: In this study, we investigated the development of drug resistance in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy for 6-10 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 144 people living with HIV-1 who had received antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 years. Plasma specimens were collected, and the HIV-1 viral load and drug-resistance mutations were assessed using molecular techniques. Results: The demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the participants were also analyzed: Twelve [8.3%) of the studied patients showed a viral load over 1000 copies per/mL, which indicates the suboptimal response to antiretroviral therapy. Significant correlations were found between viral load and CD4 count, as well as epidemiological factors, such as vertical transmission, history of imprisonment, and needle stick injuries. Drug resistance mutations were detected in 10 (83.3%) of patients who failed on antiretroviral therapy, with the most common mutations observed against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (5 (41.7%)) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (9 (75%)). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 12 patients who failed treatment were infected with CRF35_AD. Conclusion: Our study provides important insights into the characteristics and development of drug resistance in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy in Iran. The findings underline the need for regular viral load monitoring, individualized treatment selection, and targeted interventions to optimize treatment outcomes and prevent the further spread of drug-resistant strains.

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Rising HIV cases in Pakistan: Start of a pandemic?

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

HIV in Pakistan: Understanding Challenges and Implementing Strategies for Prevention

HIV in Pakistan: Understanding Challenges and Implementing Strategies for Prevention

Pakistan’s battle against HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Iranian Treatment-experienced Individuals

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