Rise of herbaceous diversity at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: First insight from fossils

Huang, Yong‐Jiang; Zhu, Hai; Su, Tao; Spicer, Robert A.; Hu, Jinjin; Jia, Lin‐Bo; Zhou, Zhe‐Kun

doi:10.1111/jse.12755

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Little is known about the origin and divergence of Corydalis, due to the lack of informative fossils. The few fossil records of Corydalis from the uppermost Miocene in Germany (Collinson et al, 1993) and from late Pliocene in the Hengduan Mountain region of China (Huang et al, 2021) were probably too young to deduce the origin of Corydalis. As an alternative, we estimated the origin and divergence of Corydalis following a two-step molecular dating analysis.…”

Section: Origin and Divergence Of Corydalismentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into the Backbone Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Corydalis (Papaveraceae) Based on Plastome Data

Wang

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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A robust backbone phylogeny is fundamental for developing a stable classification and is instructive for further research. However, it was still not available for Corydalis DC., a species-rich (> 500 species), ecologically and medically important, but taxonomically notoriously difficult genus. Here, we constructed backbone phylogeny and estimated the divergence of Corydalis based on the plastome data from 39 Corydalis species (32 newly sequenced), which represent ca. 80% of sections and series across this genus. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered six fully supported main clades (I–VI) and provided full support for the majority of lineages within Corydalis. Section Archaeocapnos was unexpectedly turned out to be sister to the rest of the subg. Corydalis s. l. (clades IV–VI), thus treating as a distinct clade (clade III) to render all the main clades monophyletic. Additionally, some unusual plastome structural rearrangements were constantly detected within Corydalis and were proven to be lineage-specific in this study, which, in turn, provided further support to our phylogeny. A segment containing five genes (trnV-UAC–rbcL) in the plastome's LSC region was either normally located downstream of the ndhC gene in clade I species or translocated downstream of the atpH gene in clade II species or translocated to downstream of the trnK-UUU gene in clade III–VI species. The unique large inversion (ca. 50 kb) in the plastome LSC region of clade III species, representing an intermediate stage of the above translocation in clades IV–VI, firmly supported clade III as a distinct and early diverged clade within this large lineage (clades III–VI). Our phylogeny contradicted substantially with the morphology-based taxonomy, rejected the treatment of tuberous species as an independent evolutionary group, and proved that some commonly used diagnostic characters (e.g., root and rhizome) were results of convergent evolution, suggestive of unreliability in Corydalis. We dated the origin of crown Corydalis to the early Eocene (crown age 49.08 Ma) and revealed possible explosive radiation around 25 Ma, coinciding with the drastic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Oligocene and Miocene. This study provided the most reliable and robust backbone phylogeny of Corydalis to date and shed some new insights on the evolution of Corydalis.

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Section: Origin and Divergence Of Corydalismentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into the Backbone Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Corydalis (Papaveraceae) Based on Plastome Data

Wang

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…围内跨越了从亚热带到高寒带的多个气候带, 植被也相应地呈现出从南面低海拔的亚热带常绿阔叶林向北面高海拔的针叶林、高山灌丛和高山草甸过渡, 是我国乃至世界植被多样性最丰富的地区之一 (Sherman et al, 2008;Boufford, 2014;Sun et al, 2017;Yu et al, 2020) (陶君容, 1986, 2000; 云南省地质矿产局, 1990; 戈宏儒和李代芸, 1999; 马宏杰, 2013)。三营组的地质年代仍然存在诸多争议。早期的生物地层对比与古气候分析认为, 三营组的地质时代为上新世或上新世晚期 (陶君容, 1986, 2000; 戈宏儒和李代芸, 1999; 马宏杰, 2013)。哺乳动物化石的发现也支持了之前的年代划分 (Su et al, 2011) (Li et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2014) (陶君容, 1986;黄永江, 2012;Huang et al, 2012Huang et al, , 2020Huang et al, , 2021Zhu et al, 2015)、永平的羊街植物群 (苏涛, 2010;Su et al, 2011Su et al, , 2015、鹤庆的南班榜植物群 (朱海, 2016;Huang et al, 2019Huang et al, , 2022…”

Section: 大的海拔落差造成了横断山南段在有限的纬度范unclassified

Vegetation diversity and distribution in the Pliocene of the southern Hengduan Mountains region

Huang¹,

Su²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Biodiversity Science

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Aims: Due to complex geomorphology and diverse landscapes, the southern Hengduan Mountains region is home to highly diverse vegetation. The evolution and formation of such diversity is an interesting topic in the fields of botany and ecology, and plant fossils are an important proxy for researching this question. Method: In this study, we integrated published sources of nine fossil floras from the Pliocene of the southern Hengduan Mountains region. We first inferred the vegetation types of these fossil floras on the basis of their taxonomic compositions and dominant elements, and then depicted the diversity and spatial distribution of vegetation in the regionduring the Pliocene. We also correlated the rise of vegetation diversity and the formation of vegetation distribution to major environmental changes in the southern Hengduan Mountains region. Results: Our synthesis indicates that the southern Hengduan Mountain region already held a variety of vegetation types during the Pliocene, including subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, subtropical deciduous broadleaved forest, sclerophyllous evergreen broadleaved forest, mixed coniferous broadleaved forest and shrubby meadow. The vegetation tended to have a warm affinity in the south and a cool-temperate affinity in the north, demonstrating altitudinal gradients with latitude at that time. Moreover, vegetation types are shown to be stratified at some localities, suggesting altitudinal gradients at local scales that are likely associated with the occurrence of high mountains. These are highly similar to the modern patterns of vegetation diversity and distribution in this region. Conclusion:Our study concludes that the modern diversity and distribution of vegetation in the southern Hengduan Mountain region was established no later than the Pliocene. However, more plant fossils from deeper times are needed to verify if the current vegetation was formed at an earlier geological age.

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“…The split of the XYY clade and the R. bucephalophorus /XY clade was constrained to 10.8 MYA, and the split of the ancestor of those two clades from the clade containing R. sagittatus and R. scutatus was constrained to 13.77 MYA, based on date estimates from a recent study (Koenemann et al 2023). We constrained the root of the Rumex clade to a maximum age of 23 MYA following Koenemann et al 2023, based on fossil evidence (Muller 1981, Barrón et al, 2006, Huang et al 2022). We fit correlated, discrete, and relaxed clock models, and the model producing the lowest PHIIC score was chosen as the best-fitting.…”

Section: Supplementary Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics resolves key relationships inRumexand uncovers a dynamic history of independently evolving sex chromosomes

Hibbins,

Rifkin,

Choudhury

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sex chromosomes have evolved independently many times across eukaryotes. Despite a considerable body of literature on the evolution of sex chromosomes, the causes and consequences of variation in the formation, degeneration, and turnover of sex chromosomes remain poorly understood. Comparative approaches in groups with sexual system variation can be valuable for understanding these questions. Plants are well-suited to such comparative studies, with many lineages containing relatively recent origins of dioecy and sex chromosomes as well as hermaphroditic close relatives.Rumexis a diverse genus of flowering plants harboring significant sexual system variation, including hermaphroditic and dioecious clades with XY sex chromosomes. Previous disagreement in the phylogenetic relationships among key species have rendered the history of sex chromosome evolution uncertain. Resolving this history is important to the development ofRumexas a system for the comparative study of sex chromosome evolution. Here, we leverage new transcriptome assemblies from 11 species representing the major clades in the genus, along with a whole-genome assembly generated for a pivotal hermaphroditic species, to further resolve the phylogeny and history of sex chromosome evolution inRumex. Using phylogenomic approaches, we find evidence for two independent origins of sex chromosomes and introgression from unsampled taxa in the genus. Comparative genomics reveals massive chromosomal rearrangements in a dioecious species, with evidence for a complex origin of the sex chromosomes through multiple chromosomal fusions. However, we see no evidence of elevated rates of fusion on the sex chromosome in comparison with autosomes, providing no support for an adaptive hypothesis for the sex chromosome expansion. Overall, our results highlight the dynamic nature of sex chromosome systems inRumexand illustrate the utility of the genus as a model for the comparative study of sex chromosome evolution.

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Rise of herbaceous diversity at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: First insight from fossils

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

New Insights Into the Backbone Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Corydalis (Papaveraceae) Based on Plastome Data

New Insights Into the Backbone Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Corydalis (Papaveraceae) Based on Plastome Data

Vegetation diversity and distribution in the Pliocene of the southern Hengduan Mountains region

Phylogenomics resolves key relationships inRumexand uncovers a dynamic history of independently evolving sex chromosomes

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