Rise and fall of shigella antibiotic resistance

Meyer, P W; Lerman, Stephen J.

doi:10.1128/aac.17.1.101

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…miR-107 is a predicted target of BACE1 that cleaves the β-amyloid precursor. Changes in BACE1 expression level seems to directly impact to the pathogenesis of AD [36]. In PD, miRNA profiling of the amygdala tissue showed downregulation of miR-34b/c, the effect of which compromises neuronal viability by mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production.…”

Section: Extracellular Rna In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease, and Regeneration

2017

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Purpose of Review An overview of the role of extracellular RNAs (exRNA) in the regulation of homeostasis, disease progression, and regeneration is provided herein. Several exRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for disease and disease progression. In addition, the potential of exRNAs as a therapeutic modality is discussed. Recent Findings Fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver, and heart, among other organs share a number of identical exRNAs which play key roles in disease pathogenesis. Though regeneration is limited to only a few tissues in humans, small RNAs (e.g. microRNA) have been shown to be involved in the regenerative process of tissues such as liver and bone. The regulation of healing versus disease appears to be balanced by small RNAs. Because small RNAs are critical to health, they are being investigated as drug targets in multiple ongoing clinical trials. Preclinical studies suggest that promoting or blocking specific small RNAs can provide a novel therapeutic approach. Summary exRNA can be utilized for both detection and treatment of disease. Natural and synthetic RNA carriers are being investigated as delivery methods for small RNA molecules. Current and future investigations are likely to lead to expanded applications for exRNAs.

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Section: Extracellular Rna In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease, and Regeneration

2017

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“… 18 , 19 A few years later, an ampicillin resistant phenotype of Shigella was detected in Asian and African countries. 20 …”

Section: Emergence Of Multi Drug Resistance In Shigella mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of integrons for development and propagation of resistance in Shigella: the case of Latin America

Barrantes

Achí

2016

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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In Latin America, the disease burden of shigellosis is found to coexist with the rapid and rampant spread of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The molecular basis of antibiotic resistance lies within genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, integrons, genomic islands, etc., which are found in the bacterial genome. Integrons are known to acquire, exchange, and express genes within gene cassettes and it is hypothesized that they play a significant role in the transmission of multidrug resistance genes in several Gram-negative bacteria including Shigella. A few studies have described antibiotic resistance genes and integrons among multidrug resistant Shigella isolates found in Latin America. For example, in Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica and Peru, class 1 and class 2 integrons have been detected among multidrug resistant strains of Shigella; this phenomenon is more frequently observed in S. flexneri isolates that are resistant to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The gene cassette sul2, which is frequently detected in Shigella strains resistant to the sulfonamides, suggests that the sulfonamide-resistant phenotype can be explained by the presence of the sul2 genes independent of the integron class detected. It is to be noted that sul3 was negative in all isolates analyzed in these studies.The high frequency of sulfonamide (as encoded by sul2) and trimethoprim resistance is likely to be a result of the recurrent use of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole as a popular regimen for the treatment of shigellosis. The observed resistance profiles of Shigella strains confirm that ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are ineffective as therapeutic options. In-depth information regarding antibiotic resistance mechanism in this pathogen is needed in order to develop suitable intervention strategies. There is a pressing need for regional and local antimicrobial resistance profiling of Shigella to be included as a part of the public health strategy.

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“…In recent years a significant increase in resistance to ampicillin has been detected in Shigella isolates (20), and in some parts of the world a progressive increase in resistance to TMP-SMX has been recognized as well (13,18,24).…”

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Comparison of single-dose treatment with norfloxacin and standard 5-day treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for acute shigellosis in adults

Gotuzzo

Oberhelman

Maguiña

et al. 1989

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Shigellae have been shown to be highly susceptible to new quinolone agents, with average MICs for 90% of isolates of <0.1 ,ug/ml. Because these agents also reach high concentrations in the stool after a single dose, the effectiveness of a single 800-mg dose of norfloxacin and of 5-day treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) were compared in a randomized trial. Patients with clinical dysentery received one of these treatment regimens, and clinical data and follow-up culture results were analyzed for patients whose stool culture on presentation grew shigellae. When 55 patients with shigellosis (26 treated with TMP-SMX, 29 treated with norfloxacin) whose bacterial isolates were susceptible to the antibiotic given were compared by treatment group, no significant differences were seen in days of illness (mean, 2.5 + 0.65 days with TMP-SMX and 2.0 ± 0.47 days with norfloxacin; P = 0.200) or number of unformed stools after starting treatment (mean, 9.7 ± 2.37 stools with TMP-SMX and 7.6 ± 3.19 stools with norfloxacin; P = 0.312). Resistance in vitro to TMP-SMX was seen in 15% of Shigella isolates, whereas none was resistant to norfloxacin. Bacteriologic failure was found in 1 patient among 24 receiving TMP-SMX and in none of 25 patients receiving norfloxacin. One single dose of norfloxacin was as effective as 5 days of treatment with TMP-SMX in these adults with shigellosis.

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Rise and fall of shigella antibiotic resistance

Abstract: Ampicillin resistance of shigellae first appeared in Omaha in 1971, peaked at 68% between 1973 and 1974, and declined to 7% between 1977 and 1978. This reflected the rise and fall of strains with nine different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns that included ampicillin.

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease, and Regeneration

The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease, and Regeneration

The importance of integrons for development and propagation of resistance in Shigella: the case of Latin America

Comparison of single-dose treatment with norfloxacin and standard 5-day treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for acute shigellosis in adults

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